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Optimal Control of Wind Farms for Coordinated TSO-DSO Reactive Power Management

Author

Listed:
  • David Sebastian Stock

    (Division Energy Economy and Grid Operation, Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology (IWES), 34119 Kassel, Germany)

  • Francesco Sala

    (Division Energy Economy and Grid Operation, Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology (IWES), 34119 Kassel, Germany
    Energy Department, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy)

  • Alberto Berizzi

    (Energy Department, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy)

  • Lutz Hofmann

    (Division Energy Economy and Grid Operation, Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology (IWES), 34119 Kassel, Germany
    Institute of Electric Power Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany)

Abstract

The growing importance of renewable generation connected to distribution grids requires an increased coordination between transmission system operators (TSOs) and distribution system operators (DSOs) for reactive power management. This work proposes a practical and effective interaction method based on sequential optimizations to evaluate the reactive flexibility potential of distribution networks and to dispatch them along with traditional synchronous generators, keeping to a minimum the information exchange. A modular optimal power flow (OPF) tool featuring multi-objective optimization is developed for this purpose. The proposed method is evaluated for a model of a real German 110 kV grid with 1.6 GW of installed wind power capacity and a reduced order model of the surrounding transmission system. Simulations show the benefit of involving wind farms in reactive power support reducing losses both at distribution and transmission level. Different types of setpoints are investigated, showing the feasibility for the DSO to fulfill also individual voltage and reactive power targets over multiple connection points. Finally, some suggestions are presented to achieve a fair coordination, combining both TSO and DSO requirements.

Suggested Citation

  • David Sebastian Stock & Francesco Sala & Alberto Berizzi & Lutz Hofmann, 2018. "Optimal Control of Wind Farms for Coordinated TSO-DSO Reactive Power Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-25, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:1:p:173-:d:126455
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aouss Gabash & Pu Li, 2016. "On Variable Reverse Power Flow-Part II: An Electricity Market Model Considering Wind Station Size and Location," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Aouss Gabash & Pu Li, 2016. "On Variable Reverse Power Flow-Part I: Active-Reactive Optimal Power Flow with Reactive Power of Wind Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-12, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tiago Abreu & Tiago Soares & Leonel Carvalho & Hugo Morais & Tiago Simão & Miguel Louro, 2019. "Reactive Power Management Considering Stochastic Optimization under the Portuguese Reactive Power Policy Applied to DER in Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Talal Alazemi & Mohamed Darwish & Mohammed Radi, 2022. "TSO/DSO Coordination for RES Integration: A Systematic Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-26, October.
    3. Valentin Ilea & Cristian Bovo & Davide Falabretti & Marco Merlo & Carlo Arrigoni & Roberto Bonera & Marco Rodolfi, 2020. "Voltage Control Methodologies in Active Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-32, June.
    4. Jérôme Buire & Frédéric Colas & Jean-Yves Dieulot & Xavier Guillaud, 2019. "Stochastic Optimization of PQ Powers at the Interface between Distribution and Transmission Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-16, October.
    5. Haonan Wang & Markus Kraiczy & Denis Mende & Sebastian Stöcklein & Martin Braun, 2021. "Application-Oriented Reactive Power Management in German Distribution Systems Using Decentralized Energy Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-23, August.
    6. Mohammad Reza Baghayipour & Amin Hajizadeh & Amir Shahirinia & Zhe Chen, 2018. "Dynamic Placement Analysis of Wind Power Generation Units in Distribution Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-16, September.
    7. Marcel Sarstedt & Leonard Kluß & Johannes Gerster & Tobias Meldau & Lutz Hofmann, 2021. "Survey and Comparison of Optimization-Based Aggregation Methods for the Determination of the Flexibility Potentials at Vertical System Interconnections," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-27, January.
    8. Kolster, Till & Krebs, Rainer & Niessen, Stefan & Duckheim, Mathias, 2020. "The contribution of distributed flexibility potentials to corrective transmission system operation for strongly renewable energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    9. Seyed Arash Alavi & Valentin Ilea & Alireza Saffarian & Cristian Bovo & Alberto Berizzi & Seyed Ghodratollah Seifossadat, 2019. "Feasible Islanding Operation of Electric Networks with Large Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources considering Security Constraints," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-25, February.

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