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Evaluation of the Reactive Power Support Capability and Associated Technical Costs of Photovoltaic Farms’ Operation

Author

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  • Luís F. N. Lourenço

    (Laboratory of Advanced Electric Grids (LGRID), Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
    Current address: Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 158-Butantã, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.)

  • Renato M. Monaro

    (Laboratory of Advanced Electric Grids (LGRID), Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil)

  • Maurício B. C. Salles

    (Laboratory of Advanced Electric Grids (LGRID), Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil)

  • José R. Cardoso

    (Laboratory of Advanced Electric Grids (LGRID), Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil)

  • Loïc Quéval

    (Group of Electrical Engineering—Paris (GeePs), UMR CNRS 8507, Centrale Supélec, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université, 3 & 11 rue Joliot-Curie, 91192 Plateau de Moulon Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France)

Abstract

The share of photovoltaic (PV) farms is increasing in the energy mix as power systems move away from conventional carbon-emitting sources. PV farms are equipped with an expensive power converter, which is, most of the time, used well bellow its rated capacity. This has led to proposals to use it to provide reactive power support to the grid. In this framework, this work presents a step-by-step methodology to obtain the reactive power support capability map and the associated technical costs of single- and two-stage PV farms during daytime operation. Results show that the use of two-stage PV farms can expand the reactive power support capability for low irradiance values in comparison to single-stage ones. Besides, despite losses being higher for two-stage PV farms, the technical cost in providing reactive power support is similar for both systems. Based on the obtained maps, it is demonstrated how the profits of a PV farm can be evaluated for the current ancillary services policy in Brazil. The proposed method is of interest to PV farm owners and grid operators to estimate the cost of providing reactive power support and to evaluate the economic feasibility in offering this ancillary service.

Suggested Citation

  • Luís F. N. Lourenço & Renato M. Monaro & Maurício B. C. Salles & José R. Cardoso & Loïc Quéval, 2018. "Evaluation of the Reactive Power Support Capability and Associated Technical Costs of Photovoltaic Farms’ Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:6:p:1567-:d:152586
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aouss Gabash & Pu Li, 2016. "On Variable Reverse Power Flow-Part II: An Electricity Market Model Considering Wind Station Size and Location," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Baohua Zhang & Weihao Hu & Peng Hou & Jin Tan & Mohsen Soltani & Zhe Chen, 2017. "Review of Reactive Power Dispatch Strategies for Loss Minimization in a DFIG-based Wind Farm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-17, June.
    3. Thomas, Robert J. & Mount, Timothy D. & Schuler, Richard & Schulze, William & Zimmerman, Ray & Alvarado, Fernando & Lesieutre, Bernard C. & Overholt, Philip N. & Eto, Joseph H., 2008. "Efficient and Reliable Reactive-Power Supply and Consumption: Insights from an Integrated Program of Engineering and Economic Research," The Electricity Journal, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 70-81.
    4. Aouss Gabash & Pu Li, 2016. "On Variable Reverse Power Flow-Part I: Active-Reactive Optimal Power Flow with Reactive Power of Wind Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-12, February.
    5. Liying Huang & Dongyuan Qiu & Fan Xie & Yanfeng Chen & Bo Zhang, 2017. "Modeling and Stability Analysis of a Single-Phase Two-Stage Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-14, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wilfried van Sark, 2019. "Photovoltaic System Design and Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-6, May.
    2. Rômulo de Oliveira Azevêdo & Paulo Rotela Junior & Luiz Célio Souza Rocha & Gianfranco Chicco & Giancarlo Aquila & Rogério Santana Peruchi, 2020. "Identification and Analysis of Impact Factors on the Economic Feasibility of Photovoltaic Energy Investments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-40, September.
    3. Angelo Lunardi & Luís F. Normandia Lourenço & Enkhtsetseg Munkhchuluun & Lasantha Meegahapola & Alfeu J. Sguarezi Filho, 2022. "Grid-Connected Power Converters: An Overview of Control Strategies for Renewable Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-33, June.

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