An Empirical Study of the Impact of the Euro on Cross-Country Diversification

The euro was launched, on 1 January 1999, as a common currency for members of the European Union that complied with the Maastricht Treaty. The Maastricht Treaty calls for the coordination of major macroeconomic policies, such as inflation, budget balance, public debt, and long-term interest rates. Theoretically, the coordination of these policy issues and the launch of a common currency will increase the degree of market integration among member countries. This paper empirically tests the impact of the euro on the degree of market integration by looking at the comovement of the European equity markets and a sample of OECD equity markets. Weekly stock market indices for the period covering seven years before the euro and seven years after the euro was implemented was used. The results show that cross-country divergences in stock markets continued after the euro. There is no evidence of cointegration after the adoption of the euro. Cross-country portfolio diversification continues to be beneficial even among euro countries.