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Innovative Application Strategies of Light-Emitting Diodes in Protected Horticulture

Author

Listed:
  • Xinying Liu

    (Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China)

  • Qiying Sun

    (Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
    National Chengdu Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China)

  • Zheng Wang

    (Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
    National Chengdu Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China)

  • Jie He

    (Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore)

  • Xin Liu

    (Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China)

  • Yaliang Xu

    (Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
    National Chengdu Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China)

  • Qingming Li

    (Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
    National Chengdu Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China)

Abstract

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in agricultural systems mainly contribute their capacity to create a precise and constant light spectral environment. However, the potential of LED in crop production was underestimated. LEDs serve not only as efficient artificial light sources for plant growth, but are also a good tool for enhancing biomass production with limited energy consumption. This article reviewed innovative applications of LED in facility agriculture, e.g., plant factory, and greenhouse. Compared to conventional application of LED, innovative lighting strategies such as intermittent lighting, night break, continuous lighting, alternate lighting, dynamic lighting, and end-of-day (EOD) far-red provided by LED light can elevate the production efficiency effectively. However, the scientific explanation of the above lighting strategies remains to be clearly revealed, providing theoretical support for the further optimization of conducting parameters. This review summarizes the physiological effects of different lighting strategies on crop cultivation and illustrates their future application in facility agriculture, aiming to provide novel methods for elevating the energy utilization efficiency and lowering the cost in facility agriculture using artificial light.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinying Liu & Qiying Sun & Zheng Wang & Jie He & Xin Liu & Yaliang Xu & Qingming Li, 2025. "Innovative Application Strategies of Light-Emitting Diodes in Protected Horticulture," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-25, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:15:p:1630-:d:1711102
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rachael Warner & Bo-Sen Wu & Sarah MacPherson & Mark Lefsrud, 2023. "How the Distribution of Photon Delivery Impacts Crops in Indoor Plant Environments: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Harry Smith, 2000. "Phytochromes and light signal perception by plants—an emerging synthesis," Nature, Nature, vol. 407(6804), pages 585-591, October.
    3. Kazunari Nozue & Michael F. Covington & Paula D. Duek & Séverine Lorrain & Christian Fankhauser & Stacey L. Harmer & Julin N. Maloof, 2007. "Rhythmic growth explained by coincidence between internal and external cues," Nature, Nature, vol. 448(7151), pages 358-361, July.
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