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Assessment of Spatiotemporal Distribution of Herbicides in European Agricultural Land Using Agri-Environmental Indices

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  • Vassilios Triantafyllidis

    (Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Patras, Ch. Trikoupi, 30100 Agrinio, Greece)

Abstract

Short-term estimates are not suitable for monitoring and comparing fluctuating pesticide use in EU agricultural land. A discriminative and comparable ( HI ) herbicide index was evaluated to elucidate herbicide use in the 21st century. The HI was 0.66 kg of active substances per hectare of conventional agricultural land across the EU. However, the HI varied between the 27 EU Member States. The highest mean values of HI were observed in Belgium, the Netherlands, Cyprus, Germany, France, and Denmark, with the lowest in Romania, Greece, Bulgaria, and Latvia. The results showed that the distribution of the HI variable was independent of the geographical location of each country, such as from North to South or from West to East in the EU. It seems that country-level agri-environmental parameters ultimately influenced the herbicide use. To assess the causes of this variability, 31 agri-environmental parameters (formatted into indices to be comparable) were investigated, emphasizing the structural characteristics of the agricultural sector in each EU Member State. Using only the significant independent variables (13 out of 31), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was applied to explore the differentiation potential of EU 27 by creating a discrimination model. The assessment of each one variable in the HI could contribute to the reduction in environmental impacts and the faultless implementation of the European agricultural policy in the near future.

Suggested Citation

  • Vassilios Triantafyllidis, 2024. "Assessment of Spatiotemporal Distribution of Herbicides in European Agricultural Land Using Agri-Environmental Indices," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:7:p:1171-:d:1437374
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Kleijn & Frank Berendse & Ruben Smit & Niels Gilissen, 2001. "Agri-environment schemes do not effectively protect biodiversity in Dutch agricultural landscapes," Nature, Nature, vol. 413(6857), pages 723-725, October.
    2. Alessandro Bonanno & Valentina C. Materia & Thomas Venus & Justus Wesseler, 2018. "Erratum to: The Plant Protection Products (PPP) Sector in the European Union: A Special View on Herbicides," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 30(2), pages 343-343, April.
    3. Alessandro Bonanno & Valentina C. Materia & Thomas Venus & Justus Wesseler, 2017. "The Plant Protection Products (PPP) Sector in the European Union: A Special View on Herbicides," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 29(3), pages 575-595, July.
    4. Per Kudsk, 2008. "Optimising herbicide dose: a straightforward approach to reduce the risk of side effects of herbicides," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 28(1), pages 49-55, March.
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