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Understanding Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization in Walnut Plantations: The Contribution of Cover Crops and Soil Microbial Communities

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  • Babacar Thioye

    (UniLaSalle, AGHYLE Research Unit UP 2018.C101, 3 Rue du Tronquet, F-76134 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
    Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France)

  • Marc Legras

    (UniLaSalle, AGHYLE Research Unit UP 2018.C101, 3 Rue du Tronquet, F-76134 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
    Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France)

  • Lisa Castel

    (UniLaSalle, AGHYLE Research Unit UP 2018.C101, 3 Rue du Tronquet, F-76134 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
    Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France)

  • François Hirissou

    (Chamber of Agriculture Dordogne, 24200 Sarlat, France)

  • Naouel Chaftar

    (UniLaSalle, AGHYLE Research Unit UP 2018.C101, 3 Rue du Tronquet, F-76134 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
    Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France)

  • Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin

    (UniLaSalle, AGHYLE Research Unit UP 2018.C101, 3 Rue du Tronquet, F-76134 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
    Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France)

Abstract

Soil microorganisms play a central role in biological soil functioning. One of the beneficial microbiota that has a symbiotic association with most of the plants is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Nevertheless, little is known about the impact of cover crops—widely used in conservation agriculture or organic farming—on native mycorrhizal fungi. This study was conducted in Southern France, in 20-year-old walnut orchards, where faba bean ( Vicia faba Roth) was intercropped. To find whether the native AM fungal community associated with walnut trees was influenced by cover crops and soil microbial communities, analyses of soil physicochemical and microbiological indicators were carried out with roots and soil samples collected from four modalities (walnut in conventional farming with and without cover crops, and walnut in organic farming with and without cover crops). Our results showed that the presence of cover crops mainly influenced the soil microbial abundance and activities in conventional plots. In contrast, cover crops stimulated AM fungal colonization of walnut roots in organic plots, reaching 35% and 54% for arbuscule abundance and mycorrhizal intensity, respectively. In conventional plots, ergosterol and mineral nitrogen contents were mainly correlated with mycorrhizal colonization, while only acid phosphatase activity in soil was positively correlated with mycorrhizal colonization in organic plots. The use of the faba bean showed the great role played by cover crops in the enhancement of walnut trees’ mycorrhizal colonization. Identification of the functional traits of AM fungi sensitive to walnut trees is required to inform decisions in specific agricultural practices.

Suggested Citation

  • Babacar Thioye & Marc Legras & Lisa Castel & François Hirissou & Naouel Chaftar & Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin, 2021. "Understanding Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization in Walnut Plantations: The Contribution of Cover Crops and Soil Microbial Communities," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:1-:d:707251
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. R. Michael Lehman & Cynthia A. Cambardella & Diane E. Stott & Veronica Acosta-Martinez & Daniel K. Manter & Jeffrey S. Buyer & Jude E. Maul & Jeffrey L. Smith & Harold P. Collins & Jonathan J. Halvors, 2015. "Understanding and Enhancing Soil Biological Health: The Solution for Reversing Soil Degradation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-40, January.
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