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Distribution of Credit Risk Among Providers of Mortgages to Lower-Income and Minority Homebuyers

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Abstract

Which institutions bear the credit risk for mortgage lending to lower-income and minority borrowers and in lower-income and predominantly minority neighborhoods? In seeking to answer those questions, the authors went beyond looking at mortgage credit risk in terms of numbers or amounts of loans and developed measures based on factors that affect the riskiness of loans, including loan-to-value ratios and associated default and loss severity rates. In 1995, a nonprofit government mortgage insurer, the Federal Housing Administration, was the major bearer of credit risk for mortgage lending to these groups. The amount of credit risk borne by the profit-seeking originators, insurers, and purchasers that finance conventional mortgages was small in comparison, and the risk was widely distributed among different types of institutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Glenn B. Canner & Wayne Passmore & Brian J. Surette, 1996. "Distribution of Credit Risk Among Providers of Mortgages to Lower-Income and Minority Homebuyers," Federal Reserve Bulletin, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), vol. 82(12), pages .1077-1102, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedgrb:89499
    DOI: 10.17016/bulletin.1996.82-12
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    Cited by:

    1. Glenn B. Canner & Elizabeth Laderman & Andreas Lehnert & Wayne Passmore, 2002. "Does the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) cause banks to provide a subsidy to some mortgage borrowers?," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2002-19, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    2. Wayne Passmore, 2003. "The GSE implicit subsidy and value of government ambiguity," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2003-64, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    3. Kenneth Temkin & Roberto Quercia & George Galster, 2000. "The impact of secondary mortgage market guidelines on affordable and fair lending: A reconnaissance from the front lines," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 28(2), pages 29-52, December.
    4. Elizabeth Laderman & Wayne Passmore, 1998. "Is mortgage lending by savings associations special?," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, pages 30-46.
    5. Marschoun, Michael, 2000. "Availability of Mortgage Loans in Volatile Real Estate Markets," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 443-469, May.
    6. Passmore, Wayne & Sparks, Roger & Ingpen, Jamie, 2002. "GSEs, Mortgage Rates, and the Long-Run Effects of Mortgage Securitization," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 25(2-3), pages 215-242, Sept.-Dec.
    7. Elizabeth Laderman & Wayne Passmore, 2000. "Do Savings Associations Have a Special Commitment to Housing?," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 17(1), pages 41-68, February.
    8. Bostic, Raphael W. & Gabriel, Stuart A., 2006. "Do the GSEs matter to low-income housing markets? An assessment of the effects of the GSE loan purchase goals on California housing outcomes," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(3), pages 458-475, May.
    9. Raphael W. Bostic & Stuart A. Gabriel, 2005. "Do the GSEs Matter to Low-Income Housing Markets? An Assessment of the Effects of the GSE Loan Purchase Goals on California Housing Outcomes (Revised)," Working Paper 8578, USC Lusk Center for Real Estate.
    10. Diana Hancock & Andreas Lehnert & Wayne Passmore & Shane M. Sherlund, 2006. "The competitive effects of risk-based bank capital regulation: an example from U.S. mortgage markets," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2006-46, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    11. Wayne Passmore & Roger Sparks, 1997. "The effect of automated underwriting on the profitability of mortgage securitization," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 1997-19, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • J20 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - General

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