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Exploring visitor movement patterns in natural recreational areas

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  • Orellana, Daniel
  • Bregt, Arnold K.
  • Ligtenberg, Arend
  • Wachowicz, Monica

Abstract

GPS technology is widely used to produce detailed data on the movement of people. Analysing massive amounts of GPS data, however, can be cumbersome. We present a novel approach to processing such data to aid interpretation and understanding of the aggregated movement of visitors in natural recreational areas. It involves the combined analysis of two kinds of movement patterns: ‘Movement Suspension Patterns’ (MSPs) and ‘Generalized Sequential Patterns’ (GSPs). MSPs denote the suspension of movement when walkers stop at a place, and are used to discover places of interest to visitors. GSPs represent the generalized sequence in which the places are visited, regardless of the trajectory followed, and are used to uncover commonalities in the way that people visit the area. Both patterns were analysed in a geographical context to characterise the aggregated flow of people and provide insights into visitors’ preferences and their interactions with the environment. We demonstrate the application of the approach in the Dwingelderveld National Park (The Netherlands).

Suggested Citation

  • Orellana, Daniel & Bregt, Arnold K. & Ligtenberg, Arend & Wachowicz, Monica, 2012. "Exploring visitor movement patterns in natural recreational areas," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 672-682.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:touman:v:33:y:2012:i:3:p:672-682
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2011.07.010
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    1. Versichele, Mathias & de Groote, Liesbeth & Claeys Bouuaert, Manuel & Neutens, Tijs & Moerman, Ingrid & Van de Weghe, Nico, 2014. "Pattern mining in tourist attraction visits through association rule learning on Bluetooth tracking data: A case study of Ghent, Belgium," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 67-81.
    2. Leask, Anna, 2016. "Visitor attraction management: A critical review of research 2009–2014," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 334-361.
    3. David Zejda & Josef Zelenka, 2019. "The Concept of Comprehensive Tracking Software to Support Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-18, July.
    4. Ana Muñoz-Mazón & Laura Fuentes-Moraleda & Angela Chantre-Astaiza & Marlon-Felipe Burbano-Fernandez, 2019. "The Study of Tourist Movements in Tourist Historic Cities: A Comparative Analysis of the Applicability of Four Different Tools," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-26, September.
    5. Wenping Liu & Chenlu Dong & Weijuan Chen, 2017. "Mapping and Quantifying Spatial and Temporal Dynamics and Bundles of Travel Flows of Residents Visiting Urban Parks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-15, July.
    6. Rodolfo Baggio & Miriam Scaglione, 2018. "Strategic visitor flows and destination management organization," Information Technology & Tourism, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 29-42, April.
    7. Jinwon Kim & Brijesh Thapa & Seongsoo Jang & Eunjung Yang, 2018. "Seasonal Spatial Activity Patterns of Visitors with a Mobile Exercise Application at Seoraksan National Park, South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-21, July.
    8. Zheng, Weimin & Huang, Xiaoting & Li, Yuan, 2017. "Understanding the tourist mobility using GPS: Where is the next place?," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 267-280.
    9. Wolf, Isabelle D. & Wohlfart, Teresa & Brown, Greg & Bartolomé Lasa, Abraham, 2015. "The use of public participation GIS (PPGIS) for park visitor management: A case study of mountain biking," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 112-130.
    10. Carolina Barros & Borja Moya-Gómez & Juan Carlos García-Palomares, 2019. "Identifying Temporal Patterns of Visitors to National Parks through Geotagged Photographs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-16, December.
    11. Beritelli, Pietro & Reinhold, Stephan & Laesser, Christian, 2020. "Visitor flows, trajectories and corridors: Planning and designing places from the traveler's point of view," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    12. Jesús Vías & José Rolland & María Luisa Gómez & Carmen Ocaña & Ana Luque, 2018. "Recommendation system to determine suitable and viable hiking routes: a prototype application in Sierra de las Nieves Nature Reserve (southern Spain)," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 20(3), pages 275-294, July.
    13. Raun, Janika & Ahas, Rein & Tiru, Margus, 2016. "Measuring tourism destinations using mobile tracking data," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 202-212.
    14. Kulczyk, Sylwia & Woźniak, Edyta & Derek, Marta, 2018. "Landscape, facilities and visitors: An integrated model of recreational ecosystem services," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 31(PC), pages 491-501.
    15. Peixue Liu & Xiao Xiao & Jie Zhang & Ronghua Wu & Honglei Zhang, 2018. "Spatial Configuration and Online Attention: A Space Syntax Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-15, January.
    16. Vu, Huy Quan & Li, Gang & Law, Rob & Ye, Ben Haobin, 2015. "Exploring the travel behaviors of inbound tourists to Hong Kong using geotagged photos," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 222-232.
    17. Koun Sugimoto & Kei Ota & Shohei Suzuki, 2019. "Visitor Mobility and Spatial Structure in a Local Urban Tourism Destination: GPS Tracking and Network analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, February.
    18. Wei Dong & Qi Kang & Guangkui Wang & Bin Zhang & Ping Liu, 2023. "Spatiotemporal behavior pattern differentiation and preference identification of tourists from the perspective of ecotourism destination based on the tourism digital footprint data," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(4), pages 1-25, April.
    19. Antonino Mario Oliveri, Anna Maria Parroco, Franco Vaccina, 2012. "Tourist mobility and destination competitiveness," RIEDS - Rivista Italiana di Economia, Demografia e Statistica - The Italian Journal of Economic, Demographic and Statistical Studies, SIEDS Societa' Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica, vol. 66(2), pages 213-234.
    20. Park, Sangwon & Xu, Yang & Jiang, Liu & Chen, Zhelin & Huang, Shuyi, 2020. "Spatial structures of tourism destinations: A trajectory data mining approach leveraging mobile big data," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    21. Angela Chantre-Astaiza & Laura Fuentes-Moraleda & Ana Muñoz-Mazón & Gustavo Ramirez-Gonzalez, 2019. "Science Mapping of Tourist Mobility 1980–2019. Technological Advancements in the Collection of the Data for Tourist Traceability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-32, August.
    22. Seyed Hossein Chavoshi & Bernard De Baets & Tijs Neutens & Guy De Tré & Nico Van de Weghe, 2015. "Exploring Dance Movement Data Using Sequence Alignment Methods," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(7), pages 1-25, July.
    23. Huy Quan Vu & Shah Jahan Miah & Haiyang Xia & Gang Li & Birgit Muskat & Rob Law, 2023. "Advancing reliability assessment of venue-reference social media data for enhanced domestic tourism development," Information Technology & Tourism, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 433-451, September.
    24. Yuan, Hua & Xu, Hualin & Qian, Yu & Li, Yan, 2016. "Make your travel smarter: Summarizing urban tourism information from massive blog data," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 1306-1319.
    25. Yuwei Xiao & Shan Jiang & Zhenxin Zhang, 2025. "Spatio-Temporal Tourist Behavior (STTB) under digital footprints: a systematic literature review," Information Technology & Tourism, Springer, vol. 27(3), pages 517-545, September.

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