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Coexistence of individual and social learners during range expansion

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  • Wakano, Joe Y.
  • Kawasaki, Kohkichi
  • Shigesada, Nanako
  • Aoki, Kenichi

Abstract

Individual learning and social learning are two primary abilities supporting cultural evolution. Conditions for their evolution have mostly been studied by investigating gene frequency dynamics, which essentially implies constant population size. Predictions from such “static†models may only be of partial relevance to the evolution of advanced individual learning in modern humans, because modern humans have experienced rapid population growth and range expansion during “out-of-Africa.†Here we model the spatial population dynamics of individual and social learners by a reaction–diffusion system. One feature of our model is the inclusion of the possibility that social learners may fail to find an exemplar to copy in regions where the population density is low. Due to this attenuation effect, the invasion speed of social learners is diminished, and various kinds of invasion dynamics are observed. Our primary findings are: (1) individual learners can persist indefinitely when invading environmentally homogeneous infinite space; (2) the occurrence of individual learners at the front may inhibit the spread of social learners. These results suggest that “out-of-Africa†may have driven the evolution of advanced individual learning ability in modern humans.

Suggested Citation

  • Wakano, Joe Y. & Kawasaki, Kohkichi & Shigesada, Nanako & Aoki, Kenichi, 2011. "Coexistence of individual and social learners during range expansion," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 80(2), pages 132-140.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:thpobi:v:80:y:2011:i:2:p:132-140
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2011.06.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marcus W. Feldman & Kenichi Aoki & Jochen Kumm, 1996. "Individual Versus Social Learning: Evolutionary Analysis in a Fluctuating Environment," Working Papers 96-05-030, Santa Fe Institute.
    2. Christoph Hauert & Michael Doebeli, 2004. "Spatial structure often inhibits the evolution of cooperation in the snowdrift game," Nature, Nature, vol. 428(6983), pages 643-646, April.
    3. Hallatschek, Oskar & Nelson, David R., 2008. "Gene surfing in expanding populations," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 73(1), pages 158-170.
    4. Hauert, Christoph & Wakano, Joe Yuichiro & Doebeli, Michael, 2008. "Ecological public goods games: Cooperation and bifurcation," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 73(2), pages 257-263.
    5. Aoki, Kenichi & Nakahashi, Wataru, 2008. "Evolution of learning in subdivided populations that occupy environmentally heterogeneous sites," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 74(4), pages 356-368.
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    Cited by:

    1. Aoki, Kenichi, 2015. "Modeling abrupt cultural regime shifts during the Palaeolithic and Stone Age," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 6-12.
    2. Fogarty, L. & Creanza, N. & Feldman, M.W., 2013. "The role of cultural transmission in human demographic change: An age-structured model," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 68-77.
    3. Wakano, Joe Yuichiro & Gilpin, William & Kadowaki, Seiji & Feldman, Marcus W. & Aoki, Kenichi, 2018. "Ecocultural range-expansion scenarios for the replacement or assimilation of Neanderthals by modern humans," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 3-14.
    4. Kobayashi, Yutaka & Ohtsuki, Hisashi, 2014. "Evolution of social versus individual learning in a subdivided population revisited: Comparative analysis of three coexistence mechanisms using the inclusive-fitness method," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 78-87.

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