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Review of the membrane and bipolar plates materials for conventional and unitized regenerative fuel cells

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  • Dihrab, Salwan S.
  • Sopian, K.
  • Alghoul, M.A.
  • Sulaiman, M.Y.

Abstract

Fuel cell or hydrogen systems offer the potential for clean, reliable and on-site energy generation. This article review current literature with the objective of identifying the latest development in membrane and bipolar plates for the conventional fuel cell and unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC). The result shows that the choice of both the bipolar plates and the catalysts for URFC electrodes is a delicate task, for bipolar plate the corrosion in the oxygen side will be the major problem and for the electrodes a very good candidate for fuel cell mode will not function well in the electrolyser mode and therefore it is suggested that a compromise should be considered. It is recommended that aluminum, titanium or for best results titanium with a gold-coated layer is a suitable candidate as the bipolar plate and Pt/IrOX or Pt/Ru is suitable for an oxygen side catalyst in the URFC. For the conventional fuel cell the task is more easer because the corrosion problem is no more effective and thus the main goals for most of the studies was to concentrate on bipolar plate cost reduction, increase electrical conduction and reducing the platinum loading rate for catalyst.

Suggested Citation

  • Dihrab, Salwan S. & Sopian, K. & Alghoul, M.A. & Sulaiman, M.Y., 2009. "Review of the membrane and bipolar plates materials for conventional and unitized regenerative fuel cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1663-1668, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:13:y:2009:i:6-7:p:1663-1668
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    1. Unknown, 2004. "End Materials," Choices: The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resource Issues, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 19(4), pages 1-1.
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    1. Rocha, A. & Ferreira, R.B. & Falcão, D.S. & Pinto, A.M.F.R., 2023. "Experimental study on a unitized regenerative fuel cell operated in constant electrode mode: Effect of cell design and operating conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    2. Mo, Jingke & Kang, Zhenye & Yang, Gaoqiang & Retterer, Scott T. & Cullen, David A. & Toops, Todd J. & Green, Johney B. & Zhang, Feng-Yuan, 2016. "Thin liquid/gas diffusion layers for high-efficiency hydrogen production from water splitting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 817-822.
    3. dos Santos, Kenia Gabriela & Eckert, Caroline Thaís & De Rossi, Eduardo & Bariccatti, Reinaldo Aparecido & Frigo, Elisandro Pires & Lindino, Cleber Antonio & Alves, Helton José, 2017. "Hydrogen production in the electrolysis of water in Brazil, a review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 563-571.
    4. Wang, Yifei & Leung, Dennis Y.C. & Xuan, Jin & Wang, Huizhi, 2016. "A review on unitized regenerative fuel cell technologies, part-A: Unitized regenerative proton exchange membrane fuel cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 961-977.
    5. Khatib, F.N. & Wilberforce, Tabbi & Ijaodola, Oluwatosin & Ogungbemi, Emmanuel & El-Hassan, Zaki & Durrant, A. & Thompson, J. & Olabi, A.G., 2019. "Material degradation of components in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolytic cell and mitigation mechanisms: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 1-14.
    6. Bhosale, Amit C. & Rengaswamy, Raghunathan, 2019. "Interfacial contact resistance in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Recent developments and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    7. Hoque, M.M. & Hannan, M.A. & Mohamed, A. & Ayob, A., 2017. "Battery charge equalization controller in electric vehicle applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1363-1385.
    8. Wang, Yifei & Leung, Dennis Y.C. & Xuan, Jin & Wang, Huizhi, 2017. "A review on unitized regenerative fuel cell technologies, part B: Unitized regenerative alkaline fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell, and microfluidic fuel cell," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 775-795.
    9. Zhou, Yu & Chen, Ben, 2023. "Investigation of optimization and evaluation criteria for flow field in proton exchange membrane fuel cell: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    10. Kang, Zhenye & Mo, Jingke & Yang, Gaoqiang & Li, Yifan & Talley, Derrick A. & Retterer, Scott T. & Cullen, David A. & Toops, Todd J. & Brady, Michael P. & Bender, Guido & Pivovar, Bryan S. & Green, Jo, 2017. "Thin film surface modifications of thin/tunable liquid/gas diffusion layers for high-efficiency proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 983-990.
    11. Oluwatosin Ijaodola & Emmanuel Ogungbemi & Fawwad Nisar. Khatib & Tabbi Wilberforce & Mohamad Ramadan & Zaki El Hassan & James Thompson & Abdul Ghani Olabi, 2018. "Evaluating the Effect of Metal Bipolar Plate Coating on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-28, November.
    12. Paul, Biddyut & Andrews, John, 2017. "PEM unitised reversible/regenerative hydrogen fuel cell systems: State of the art and technical challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 585-599.
    13. Hannan, M.A. & Hoque, M.M. & Mohamed, A. & Ayob, A., 2017. "Review of energy storage systems for electric vehicle applications: Issues and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 771-789.
    14. Qiu, Diankai & Peng, Linfa & Lai, Xinmin & Ni, Meng & Lehnert, Werner, 2019. "Mechanical failure and mitigation strategies for the membrane in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    15. Hossein Pourrahmani & Majid Siavashi & Adel Yavarinasab & Mardit Matian & Nazanin Chitgar & Ligang Wang & Jan Van herle, 2022. "A Review on the Long-Term Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Degradation Modeling to the Effects of Bipolar Plates, Sealings, and Contaminants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-30, July.
    16. Bhosale, Amit C. & Ghosh, Prakash C. & Assaud, Loïc, 2020. "Preparation methods of membrane electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells and unitized regenerative fuel cells: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).

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