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Experimental study and empirical correlation development of fuel properties of waste cooking palm biodiesel and its diesel blends at elevated temperatures

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  • Ebna Alam Fahd, M.
  • Lee, Poh-Seng
  • Chou, Siaw Kiang
  • Wenming, Yang
  • Yap, Christopher

Abstract

In this experimental work, the density, dynamic viscosity and higher heating value of methyl ester based waste cooking palm-biodiesel oil (WMEPB) was investigated under varying temperature and blend ratio condition with No. 2 diesel fuel. The transesterified fatty acid methyl ester of palm vegetable oil collected from local food and beverage shops was used as neat biodiesel. Four different fuel blends (20%, 40%, 60% and 80% by volume mixing with base diesel) were studied along with base No. 2 diesel fuel and pure biodiesel. Tests for dynamic viscosity and density were performed in the temperature range 0–130 °C for each fuel sample whereas the higher heating values were determined at 25 °C room temperature condition. It is found that pure biodiesel has the highest density and dynamic viscosity at a given temperature whereas it exhibits lowest combustion heating value among the six fuels. Moreover, the density for each fuel sample decreases linearly with the increase in temperature. On the other hand, the dynamic viscosity decreases exponentially with the temperature for each fuel sample. In addition, based on the experimental results, regression correlations have been proposed for the density, dynamic viscosity, and higher heating value of the fuels. Subsequently, comprehensive error analyses of these proposed correlations were performed. In particular, the correlation for density and dynamic viscosity were respectively compared with Kay's mixing rule and Grunberg-Nissan mixing rule theory in order to validate their applicability. It is found that density correlations predicted within ±0.3% average error band. And, as high as 72.2% of the dynamic viscosity data were in the range of ±5% average error while the remaining data fell within ±10% error range. And finally, through a comparative study with the available fuel property results of fresh methyl ester palm biodiesel, it is found that available existing correlations derived from fresh palm biodiesel studies can not accurately predict the fuel properties of same waste biodiesel and its blends with diesel.

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  • Ebna Alam Fahd, M. & Lee, Poh-Seng & Chou, Siaw Kiang & Wenming, Yang & Yap, Christopher, 2014. "Experimental study and empirical correlation development of fuel properties of waste cooking palm biodiesel and its diesel blends at elevated temperatures," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 282-288.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:68:y:2014:i:c:p:282-288
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2014.02.007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alptekin, Ertan & Canakci, Mustafa, 2008. "Determination of the density and the viscosities of biodiesel–diesel fuel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(12), pages 2623-2630.
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    3. Nita, I. & Geacai, S. & Iulian, O., 2011. "Measurements and correlations of physico-chemical properties to composition of pseudo-binary mixtures with biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3417-3423.
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    Cited by:

    1. Renas Hasan Saeed Saeed & Youssef Kassem & Hüseyin Çamur, 2019. "Effect of Biodiesel Mixture Derived from Waste Frying-Corn, Frying-Canola-Corn and Canola-Corn Cooking Oils with Various ‎Ages on Physicochemical Properties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-26, September.
    2. Thanh Xuan NguyenThi & Jean-Patrick Bazile & David Bessières, 2018. "Density Measurements of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel and Diesel Blends Over Extended Pressure and Temperature Ranges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Sierra-Cantor, Jonathan Fabián & Guerrero-Fajardo, Carlos Alberto, 2017. "Methods for improving the cold flow properties of biodiesel with high saturated fatty acids content: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 774-790.
    4. Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir, 2019. "The effects of the fuel injection pressure on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil biodiesel-diesel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 649-666.
    5. Eryilmaz, Tanzer & Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir, 2016. "Influence of blending ratio on the physicochemical properties of safflower oil methyl ester-safflower oil, safflower oil methyl ester-diesel and safflower oil-diesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 233-247.

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