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Design, economic analysis and environmental considerations of mini-grid hybrid power system with reverse osmosis desalination plant for remote areas

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  • Setiawan, Ahmad Agus
  • Zhao, Yu
  • Nayar, Chem. V.

Abstract

This paper discusses the design process of a mini-grid hybrid power system with reverse osmosis desalination plant for remote areas, together with an economic analysis and environmental considerations for the project life cycle. It presents a design scenario for supplying electricity and fulfilling demand for clean water in remote areas by utilising renewable energy sources and a diesel generator with a reverse osmosis desalination plant as a deferrable load. The economic issues analysed are the initial capital cost needed, the fuel consumption and annual cost, the total net present cost (NPC), the cost of electricity (COE) generated by the system per kWh and the simple payback time (SPBT) for the project. The environmental considerations discussed are the amount of gas emissions, such as CO2 and NOx, as well as particulate matter released into the atmosphere. Simulations based on an actual set of conditions in a remote area in the Maldives were performed using HOMER for two conditions: before and after the Tsunami of 26th December 2004. Experimental results on the prototype 5kVA mini-grid inverter and reverse osmosis desalination plant, rated at 5.5kWh/day, are also presented here to verify the idea of providing power and water supplies to remote areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Setiawan, Ahmad Agus & Zhao, Yu & Nayar, Chem. V., 2009. "Design, economic analysis and environmental considerations of mini-grid hybrid power system with reverse osmosis desalination plant for remote areas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(2), pages 374-383.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:34:y:2009:i:2:p:374-383
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2008.05.014
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    Cited by:

    1. Segurado, Raquel & Krajacic, Goran & Duic, Neven & Alves, Luís, 2011. "Increasing the penetration of renewable energy resources in S. Vicente, Cape Verde," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 466-472, February.
    2. Pascasio, Jethro Daniel A. & Esparcia, Eugene A. & Castro, Michael T. & Ocon, Joey D., 2021. "Comparative assessment of solar photovoltaic-wind hybrid energy systems: A case for Philippine off-grid islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1589-1607.
    3. Gonçalves, F.V. & Costa, L.H. & Ramos, H.M., 2011. "Best economical hybrid energy solution: Model development and case study of a WDS in Portugal," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 3361-3369, June.
    4. Shahsavari, Ardavan & Vaziri Rad, Mohammad Amin & Pourfayaz, Fathollah & Kasaeian, Alibakhsh, 2022. "Optimal sizing of an integrated CHP and desalination system as a polygeneration plant for supplying rural demands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    5. Ghafoor, Abdul & Munir, Anjum, 2015. "Design and economics analysis of an off-grid PV system for household electrification," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 496-502.
    6. Giudici, Federico & Castelletti, Andrea & Garofalo, Elisabetta & Giuliani, Matteo & Maier, Holger R., 2019. "Dynamic, multi-objective optimal design and operation of water-energy systems for small, off-grid islands," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 605-616.
    7. Perera, A.T.D. & Attalage, R.A. & Perera, K.K.C.K. & Dassanayake, V.P.C., 2013. "A hybrid tool to combine multi-objective optimization and multi-criterion decision making in designing standalone hybrid energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 412-425.
    8. Goel, Sonali & Sharma, Renu, 2017. "Performance evaluation of stand alone, grid connected and hybrid renewable energy systems for rural application: A comparative review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1378-1389.
    9. Kamali, Saeed, 2016. "Feasibility analysis of standalone photovoltaic electrification system in a residential building in Cyprus," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 1279-1284.
    10. Maleki, Akbar & Khajeh, Morteza Gholipour & Rosen, Marc A., 2016. "Weather forecasting for optimization of a hybrid solar-wind–powered reverse osmosis water desalination system using a novel optimizer approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1120-1134.
    11. Yilmaz, Saban & Dincer, Furkan, 2017. "Optimal design of hybrid PV-Diesel-Battery systems for isolated lands: A case study for Kilis, Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 344-352.
    12. Urtasun, Andoni & Sanchis, Pablo & Barricarte, David & Marroyo, Luis, 2014. "Energy management strategy for a battery-diesel stand-alone system with distributed PV generation based on grid frequency modulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 325-336.
    13. Segurado, R. & Madeira, J.F.A. & Costa, M. & Duić, N. & Carvalho, M.G., 2016. "Optimization of a wind powered desalination and pumped hydro storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 487-499.
    14. Khan, Meer A.M. & Rehman, S. & Al-Sulaiman, Fahad A., 2018. "A hybrid renewable energy system as a potential energy source for water desalination using reverse osmosis: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 456-477.
    15. F. Gonçalves & L. Costa & Helena Ramos, 2011. "ANN for Hybrid Energy System Evaluation: Methodology and WSS Case Study," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(9), pages 2295-2317, July.
    16. Bourouni, K. & Ben M’Barek, T. & Al Taee, A., 2011. "Design and optimization of desalination reverse osmosis plants driven by renewable energies using genetic algorithms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 936-950.

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