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Performance evaluation and operation strategy for off-grid solar-driven hydrogen generation systems with energy storage

Author

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  • Liu, Xianyang
  • Zhu, Tianyu
  • Wei, Zhihao
  • Long, Rui
  • Liu, Zhichun

Abstract

Solar-driven hydrogen generation system provides a promising technical way for solar energy harvesting. Here, an off-grid solar-driven hydrogen production system with energy storage based on photovoltaic (PV), osmotic heat engines (OHE), proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell (PEMEC) and lithium-ion battery is established. An energy control strategy, incorporating a sequence operation strategy for the PEMEC array, is designed to manage power allocation and enable all-day energy management. The effects of light conditions, adsorption desalination (AD) cycle time, and minimum state of charge (SOCmin) of lithium-ion battery on the hydrogen production performance and operation stability are systematically analyzed. Under clear summer conditions, the system achieves a maximum daily hydrogen production of 3877.67 L, with PEMEC units operating at rated power for an average of 11.47 h, supported by a nocturnal OHE output of 332.97 W. Longer AD cycle times enhance daytime Gibbs free energy storage, increasing nocturnal power output and hydrogen yield, whereas shorter cycles extend PEMEC operation under fluctuating power. A lower battery SOCmin of 0.4 maximizes daily hydrogen production (3893.38 L) and rated-power operation duration (11.62 h), despite greater power deviation, compared to higher SOCmin settings which accelerate charge-discharge transitions and affect nocturnal OHE output.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Xianyang & Zhu, Tianyu & Wei, Zhihao & Long, Rui & Liu, Zhichun, 2026. "Performance evaluation and operation strategy for off-grid solar-driven hydrogen generation systems with energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:262:y:2026:i:c:s0960148126002004
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125375
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