Accurate calculation of seven DDM parameters of solar cells or photovoltaic modules using the 7-dimensional Newton-Raphson method

This paper presents a new deterministic method for accurately extracting the 7 double-diode model (DDM) parameters of solar cells and photovoltaic (PV) modules using the 7-dimensional Newton-Raphson method based on measured illuminated I-V characteristic data. By improving the 7-dimensional Newton-Raphson method and setting high-quality initial values, the new method can achieve 7 accurate and physically meaningful DDM parameters by numerically solving the system consisting of 7 DDM equations established by 7 measured I-V data points. For comparison, the new method and other six mainstream approaches (AEO algorithm, Tifidat's method, Ainaoui's method, Kumar's method, Chan's method, and Hejri's method) were used to extract 7 DDM parameters from four kinds of solar cells and PV modules (the French RTC solar cell, Photowatt PWP 201 module, TOPCon solar cell, and TOPCon module), respectively. The results show that only the new method consistently yields accurate and physically meaningful DDM parameters for both solar cells and PV modules. Therefore, the new method provides a reliable and competitive option for extracting accurate DDM parameters with physical meaning.