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The role of mineral bentonite and biochar in improving the performance of anaerobic Co-digestion under mesophilic conditions

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  • Amjad, Muhammad Hanzalah
  • Mehmood, Ayaz
  • Abbas, Yasir
  • Rukh, Shah
  • Hussain, Mazhar
  • Hassan, Ahmed
  • Tariq, Mohsin
  • Ahmad, Zahoor
  • Yun, Sining

Abstract

Mineral and bio-based accelerants can effectively enhance the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD). In this study, low-cost bentonite (BT) and biochar (BC) were used as accelerants to evaluate the co-digestion performance of cow manure (CM) and vegetable residue (VR). Moreover, individual BT and BC performance as accelerants was benchmarked with combined effect of BT and BC (BT + BC). Three different concentrations of BT (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/L), BC (0.12, 0.16, 0.20 g/L) and BT + BC (0.25 g/L BT+0.06 g/L BC, 0.5 g/L BT+ 0.08 g/L BC and 1.0 g/L BT+ 0.10 g/L BC) were introduced into batch AcoD systems under a mesophilic conditions (36 ± 1 °C). The optimal AD performance was achieved through BT concentration of 2.0 g/L with biogas yield of 580 mL/g VS; TS (42 %), VS (47 %), COD (48 %) reduction rates and NPK fertility content of 4.14 %. Moreover, an enhanced DIET mechanism was described through BT and BC. This study suggests that a low-cost-mineral (BT) could develop a circular bio-economy by improving biogas yield and soil fertility through NPK content by applying digestate produced through AD process in agricultural land.

Suggested Citation

  • Amjad, Muhammad Hanzalah & Mehmood, Ayaz & Abbas, Yasir & Rukh, Shah & Hussain, Mazhar & Hassan, Ahmed & Tariq, Mohsin & Ahmad, Zahoor & Yun, Sining, 2025. "The role of mineral bentonite and biochar in improving the performance of anaerobic Co-digestion under mesophilic conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:242:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125000539
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122391
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, Zengshuai & Guo, Liang & Wang, Yi & Zhao, Yangguo & She, Zonglian & Gao, Mengchun & Guo, Yiding, 2020. "Application of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles during the two-stage anaerobic digestion with waste sludge: Impact on the biogas production and the substrate metabolism," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2724-2735.
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    4. Eljamal, Osama & Eljamal, Ramadan & Falyouna, Omar & Maamoun, Ibrahim & Thompson, Ian P., 2024. "Exceptional contribution of iron nanoparticle and aloe vera biomass additives to biogas production from anaerobic digestion of waste sludge," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
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