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Dual temperature parameter control of PEMFC stack based on improved differential evolution algorithm

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  • Chen, Xi
  • Feng, Wentao
  • You, Shuhuai
  • Hu, Yukang
  • Wan, Yixin
  • Zhao, Bin

Abstract

Temperature is a vital parameter that impacts the capability and lifespan of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Proper temperature control can effectively prevent membrane dehydration or catalyst activity degradation, thereby enhancing the performance of PEMFC. In this paper, a temperature management system model based on dual proportional integral differential (PID) controllers is established to accurately control the temperature of the cooling water and stack. An improved differential evolution algorithm (IDE) is designed to adjust the mutation factor, crossover factor and search range. The parameters of the dual IDE-PID controllers are synchronously optimized to maintain a temperature difference of approximately 5 K between the inlet cooling water and stack. The performance of IDE-PID controller is compared with other control strategies. The results show that the overshoot of IDE-PID controller in controlling the stack temperature is lowered by 83 %, 77 %, and 75 % compared to the Fuzzy-PID, GA (genetic algorithm)-PID and PSO (particle swarm optimization)-PID, respectively. The temperature fluctuations of stack can be controlled below 0.15 K. Meanwhile, IDE-PID controller has a stable control effect at different pressures, relative humidities and air excess ratios. The system is able to make rapid adjustments in the event of sudden external disturbances.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Xi & Feng, Wentao & You, Shuhuai & Hu, Yukang & Wan, Yixin & Zhao, Bin, 2025. "Dual temperature parameter control of PEMFC stack based on improved differential evolution algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:241:y:2025:i:c:s0960148124023875
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.122319
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    1. Qi Jiang & Shusheng Xiong & Baoquan Sun & Ping Chen & Huipeng Chen & Shaopeng Zhu, 2025. "Research on Energy-Saving Control of Automotive PEMFC Thermal Management System Based on Optimal Operating Temperature Tracking," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-25, August.
    2. Li, Yuhan & Zheng, Zhifeng & Guo, Yangge & Cheng, Xiaojing & Yan, Xiaohui & Wei, Guanghua & Shen, Shuiyun & Zhang, Junliang, 2025. "Control-oriented thermal management strategies for large-load fluctuation PEM fuel cell systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 392(C).
    3. Yang, Kai & Wang, Bowen & Gong, Zhichao & Qin, Zhikun & Fan, Linhao & Du, Qing & Jiao, Kui, 2026. "Temperature collaborative control strategy using dung beetle optimizer in proton exchange membrane fuel cell system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PA).

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