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Applications of flywheel energy storage system on load frequency regulation combined with various power generations: A review

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  • Ji, Weiming
  • Hong, Feng
  • Zhao, Yuzheng
  • Liang, Lu
  • Du, Hao
  • Hao, Junhong
  • Fang, Fang
  • Liu, Jizhen

Abstract

With large-scale penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power grid, maintaining its stability and security of it has become a formidable challenge while the conventional frequency regulation methods are inadequate to meet the power balance demand. Energy storage systems have emerged as an ideal solution to mitigate frequent frequency fluctuations caused by the substantial integration of RES. Flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) are considered environmentally friendly short-term energy storage solutions due to their capacity for rapid and efficient energy storage and release, high power density, and long-term lifespan. These attributes make FESS suitable for integration into power systems in a wide range of applications. A comprehensive review of FESS on the generation side of the power systems, coal-fired thermal power units, wind turbine power plants, photovoltaic panels, and integrated energy systems have been presented. Furthermore, flywheel energy storage system array and hybrid energy storage systems are explored, encompassing control strategies, optimal configuration, and electric trading market in practice. These researches guide the developments of FESS applications in power systems and provide valuable insights for practical measurements ,shaping the future prospects of this technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Ji, Weiming & Hong, Feng & Zhao, Yuzheng & Liang, Lu & Du, Hao & Hao, Junhong & Fang, Fang & Liu, Jizhen, 2024. "Applications of flywheel energy storage system on load frequency regulation combined with various power generations: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:223:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124000405
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.119975
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    2. Sitthisak Audomsi & Supannika Wattana & Narongkorn Uthathip & Worawat Sa-ngiamvibool, 2025. "Development and Design of an Optimal Fuzzy Logic Two Degrees of Freedom-Proportional Integral Derivative Controller for a Two-Area Power System Using the Bee Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-14, February.
    3. Théodore Desiré Tchokomani Moukam & Akira Sugawara & Yuancheng Li & Yakubu Bello, 2025. "An Evaluation of the Power System Stability for a Hybrid Power Plant Using Wind Speed and Cloud Distribution Forecasts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-21, March.
    4. Hong, Feng & Zhao, Yuzheng & Ji, Weiming & Hao, Junhong & Fang, Fang & Liu, Jizhen, 2025. "A dynamic migration route planning optimization strategy based on real-time energy state observation considering flexibility and energy efficiency of thermal power unit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PB).
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    6. Mastoi, Muhammad Shahid & Wang, Delin & Zhou, Xin & He, Xin & Hassan, Mannan & Ali, Asif & Rehman, Amir, 2025. "Study of energy storage technology approaches for mitigating wind power fluctuations to enhance smart grid resilience," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
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    8. Ronglu Wang & Lu Zhang & Chenyang Shi & Chunqiu Zhao, 2025. "A Review of Gravity Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-15, April.
    9. Tao, Qihao & Lei, Xianliang & Hu, Yunsheng & Zhou, Xu, 2025. "Flow instability of 600 MW supercritical boiler water-cooled wall under low-load in deep peak-shaving process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
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    11. Liu, Aijie & Zhao, Pan & Ma, Ning & Wang, Jiangfeng, 2025. "A low-carbon energy management strategy for the integrated power system based on compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system and thermal power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    12. Ahmed, Ijaz & Um-e-Habiba, & Hossain, Md. Alamgir & Khalid, Muhammad, 2025. "Assessment of smart district heating–cooling networks considering renewable and zero-carbon strategies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    13. Xiaoguang Hao & Chunlai Yang & Heng Chen & Jianning Dong & Jiandong Bao & Hui Wang & Wenbin Zhang, 2024. "Optimization of the Load Command for a Coal-Fired Power Unit via Particle Swarm Optimization – Long Short-Term Memory Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-20, May.
    14. Shukla, Hiramani & Kumar, Shailendra, 2025. "Concurrent regulation of voltage and frequency of an isolated microgrid considering small hydro plant, DFIG and energy storage systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    15. Li, Yantong & Liu, Chang & Liang, Junhan & Yin, Huibin, 2025. "Parametric studies and structural optimization of a PCM tank integrated with CO2 heat pumps," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
    16. Huang, Wenxuan & Yin, Linfei, 2025. "Large-scale model driven real-time economic generation control for integrated energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 401(PB).

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