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Lignin-derived biochar solid acid catalyst for fructose conversion into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural

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  • Dowaki, Taishi
  • Guo, Haixin
  • Smith, Richard Lee

Abstract

Lignin-derived biochar materials with acid functional groups (-COOH, –SO3H and –OH) were synthesized by carbonization of lignin (LigT) at T = (300, 400, 500) °C and mix ball-milling of the carbonized solids with thiomalic acid and partial oxidation of the functional solids with H2O2. Mix ball-milling promoted interactions between biochar CO and alkoxy C–O groups and thiomalic acid –COOH groups, which allowed H2O2 to convert covalently-bonded sulfur-containing functional groups on the biochars into Brønsted acid sites. The lignin-derived biochar solid acid materials were applied as catalysts to convert fructose into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) and ethyl levulinate (EL) via 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) intermediate in ethanol solvent. Yields of HMF, EMF and EL reached 11%, 62% and 22%, respectively at 115 °C and 6 h with 100% conversion of fructose when the reaction was conducted with Lig300(S/C = 2)-SO3H, which had the highest total acidity in this work. The activation energy (70.9 kJ/mol) for conversion of fructose into HMF was lower than that for conversion of HMF into EMF (90.2 kJ/mol). The method for synthesizing sulfonated-containing biochars is green and efficient and the lignin-derived biochar solid acid catalysts are effective for converting renewable resources into platform chemicals.

Suggested Citation

  • Dowaki, Taishi & Guo, Haixin & Smith, Richard Lee, 2022. "Lignin-derived biochar solid acid catalyst for fructose conversion into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1534-1542.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:199:y:2022:i:c:p:1534-1542
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.09.074
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Karimi, Sabah & Seidi, Farzad & Niakan, Mahsa & Shekaari, Hemayat & Masteri-Farahani, Majid, 2021. "Catalytic dehydration of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by propyl sulfonic acid functionalized magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 132-139.
    2. Guo, Haixin & Hirosaki, Yuta & Qi, Xinhua & Lee Smith, Richard, 2020. "Synthesis of ethyl levulinate over amino-sulfonated functional carbon materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 951-958.
    3. Zhou, Ziyuan & Liu, Dehua & Zhao, Xuebing, 2021. "Conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels and chemicals via sugar platform: An updated review on chemistry and mechanisms of acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    4. Wang, Liangcai & Xie, Linen & Wu, Jielong & Li, Xiang & Ma, Huanhuan & Zhou, Jianbin, 2022. "Sequential H3PO4–CO2 assisted synthesis of lignin-derived porous carbon: CO2 activation kinetics investigation and textural properties regulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 639-648.
    5. Hafizi, Hamid & Walker, Gavin & Collins, Maurice N., 2022. "Efficient production of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and carbohydrates over lewis/brønsted hybrid magnetic dendritic fibrous silica core-shell catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 459-471.
    6. Alipour, Siamak & Omidvarborna, Hamid & Kim, Dong-Shik, 2017. "A review on synthesis of alkoxymethyl furfural, a biofuel candidate," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 908-926.
    7. Nie, Yifan & Hou, Qidong & Qian, Hengli & Bai, Xinyu & Xia, Tianliang & Lai, Ruite & Yu, Guanjie & Rehman, Mian Laiq Ur & Ju, Meiting, 2022. "Synthesis of mesoporous sulfonated carbon from chicken bones to boost rapid conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and carbohydrates to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 279-288.
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    1. Torres-Olea, Benjamín & Fúnez-Núñez, Inmaculada & García-Sancho, Cristina & Cecilia, Juan Antonio & Moreno-Tost, Ramón & Maireles-Torres, Pedro, 2023. "Influence of Lewis and Brønsted acid catalysts in the transformation of hexoses into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 588-600.

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