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Flow-induced pulsations in Francis turbines during startup - A consequence of an intermittent energy system

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  • Salehi, Saeed
  • Nilsson, Håkan

Abstract

Hydraulic turbines are increasingly responsible for regulating the electric grid, due to the rapid growth of the intermittent renewable energy resources. This involves a large increase in the number of starts and stops, which cause severe flow-induced pulsations and fluctuating forces that deteriorate the machines. Better knowledge of the evolution of the flow in the machines during transients makes it possible to avoid hazardous conditions, plan maintenance intervals, and estimate the costs of this new kind of operation. The present work provides an in-depth and comprehensive numerical study on the flow-induced pulsations and evolution of the flow field in a high-head model Francis turbine during a startup sequence. The flow simulation is carried out using the OpenFOAM open-source CFD code. A thorough frequency analysis is conducted on the fluctuating part of different pressure probes and force components, utilizing Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) to extract the evolution of the frequency and amplitude of pulsations. Low-frequency oscillations are detected during the startup, which are induced by the complex flow structure in the draft tube. A decomposition is performed on the draft tube pressure signals, and the variations of the synchronous (plunging) and asynchronous (rotating) modes are studied. The plunging mode is stronger at minimum and deep part load conditions, whereas the rotating mode is dominant during the presence of the Rotating Vortex Rope (RVR) at part load. The velocity field in the draft tube is validated against experimental data, and the complex flow structures formed during the startup procedure are explained using the λ2 vortex identification method.

Suggested Citation

  • Salehi, Saeed & Nilsson, Håkan, 2022. "Flow-induced pulsations in Francis turbines during startup - A consequence of an intermittent energy system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 1166-1183.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:188:y:2022:i:c:p:1166-1183
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.01.111
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Salehi, Saeed & Nilsson, Håkan & Lillberg, Eric & Edh, Nicolas, 2021. "An in-depth numerical analysis of transient flow field in a Francis turbine during shutdown," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 2322-2347.
    2. Unterluggauer, Julian & Sulzgruber, Verena & Doujak, Eduard & Bauer, Christian, 2020. "Experimental and numerical study of a prototype Francis turbine startup," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 1212-1221.
    3. Sotoudeh, Nahale & Maddahian, Reza & Cervantes, Michel J., 2020. "Investigation of Rotating Vortex Rope formation during load variation in a Francis turbine draft tube," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 238-254.
    4. Caralis, G. & Papantonis, D. & Zervos, A., 2012. "The role of pumped storage systems towards the large scale wind integration in the Greek power supply system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2558-2565.
    5. Goyal, Rahul & Gandhi, Bhupendra K., 2018. "Review of hydrodynamics instabilities in Francis turbine during off-design and transient operations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 697-709.
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