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The mathematical and experimental analysis on the steady-state operating temperature of bifacial photovoltaic modules

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang, Zhen
  • Wu, Minyan
  • Lu, Yue
  • Xu, Chuanjia
  • Wang, Lei
  • Hu, Yunfei
  • Zhang, Fei

Abstract

The operating temperature of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) module affects its power generation and reliability. Combined with view factor model of ground reflectivity on module backside, a thermal steady-state model is established to analyze the thermal performance of bifacial module in this paper. The module operating temperatures under three different installation conditions of roof cement ground, water surface and grassland are calculated and simulated by ANSYS software, and the experiments are designed to analyze and verify it. Based on the difference of reflectivity and heat capacity of different ground for the PV module installation, the effects of ground type and module material on bifacial module temperature and its mechanism are analyzed quantitatively. According to the simulation and experiment results, the operating temperatures of the bifacial modules installed on the roof cement ground, water surface and grassland are 44.7 °C, 41.5 °C, 43.2 °C respectively, under the setting environment condition with specific irradiance, wind speed and ambient temperature. The temperature difference of 1.7 °C–3.2 °C is caused by ground reflectivity and temperature. The operating temperature difference between glass-glass and glass-backsheet module is less than 0.4 °C under the standard condition. The conductivity and emissivity of encapsulation material does not show strong influence on module operating temperature.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Zhen & Wu, Minyan & Lu, Yue & Xu, Chuanjia & Wang, Lei & Hu, Yunfei & Zhang, Fei, 2020. "The mathematical and experimental analysis on the steady-state operating temperature of bifacial photovoltaic modules," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 658-668.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:155:y:2020:i:c:p:658-668
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.03.121
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mattei, M. & Notton, G. & Cristofari, C. & Muselli, M. & Poggi, P., 2006. "Calculation of the polycrystalline PV module temperature using a simple method of energy balance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 553-567.
    2. Gu, Wenbo & Ma, Tao & Li, Meng & Shen, Lu & Zhang, Yijie, 2020. "A coupled optical-electrical-thermal model of the bifacial photovoltaic module," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Gao, Yaping & Gao, Yan & Wang, Ziquan & An, Jingjing, 2025. "Comparison of Rooftop and Façade Photovoltaics: Impacts on thermal-electrical performance and indoor environment for achieving zero-carbon targets through simulation and experiment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    2. Xiao, Lan & Wu, Meng-Ting & Wu, Shuang-Ying & Xu, Shi-Jie & Chen, Zhi-Li, 2025. "A novel concentrating inverted bifacial photovoltaic system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    3. Limane, Badreddine & Ould-Lahoucine, Cherif & Diaf, Said, 2023. "Modeling and simulation of the thermal behavior and electrical performance of PV modules under different environment and operating conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(P1).
    4. Zhong, Jianmei & Zhang, Wei & Xie, Lingzhi & Zhao, Oufan & Wu, Xin & Zeng, Xiding & Guo, Jiahong, 2023. "Development and challenges of bifacial photovoltaic technology and application in buildings: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    5. Tina, Giuseppe Marco & Osama, Amr & Mannino, Gaetano & Gagliano, Antonio & Cucuzza, Alessio Vincenzo & Bizzarri, Fabrizio, 2025. "Thermal comparison of floating bifacial and monofacial photovoltaic modules considering two laying configurations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 389(C).
    6. Rodrigo, Pedro M. & Mouhib, Elmehdi & Fernandez, Eduardo F. & Almonacid, Florencia & Rosas-Caro, Julio C., 2024. "Comprehensive ground coverage analysis of large-scale fixed-tilt bifacial photovoltaic plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    7. Sun, Bo & Lu, Lin & Chen, Jianheng & Ma, Tao & Yuan, Yanping, 2024. "Full-spectrum radiative cooling for enhanced thermal and electrical performance of bifacial solar photovoltaic modules: A nationwide quantitative analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 362(C).

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