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Impact of shadow distribution on optimizing insolation exposure of roofs according to harness or transfer of solar energy in Sulaimani city, Iraq

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  • Bani, Rawand khasraw
  • Jalal, Shazad Jamal

Abstract

Shadow area distribution of vertical elements mounted on flat roofs was studied regarding its impact on opportunities for harnessing solar energy and its positive effect on obstructing undesirable heat transfer. Various cases were assumed for the position of a penthouse on flat roofs of dwelling units. In each case the spatial distribution of the shadow was studied on the host roof and its neighbors. The general constant ratio between the average annual shadow and lateral area of a rectangular shape was found to be 0.88. The north direction and the back penthouse position receive the highest quantity of annual shadow on the host’s roof (2.85 times its roof area). The left corner roofs offer better opportunities compared to the middle and right corner roofs for collecting solar energy, on average 1.5 and 1.3 times, respectively. Left corner roofs with front penthouse position receive the highest amount of insolation energy per unit area, which makes it the favorable position for harnessing solar energy. The highest positive obstructed insolation is in 0° orientations and 180° penthouse position by 413 kWh/m2/year. Generally, the back penthouse position performs better than the center and front positions in terms of obstructing negative heat transfer.

Suggested Citation

  • Bani, Rawand khasraw & Jalal, Shazad Jamal, 2019. "Impact of shadow distribution on optimizing insolation exposure of roofs according to harness or transfer of solar energy in Sulaimani city, Iraq," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 452-462.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:136:y:2019:i:c:p:452-462
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.01.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zingre, Kishor T. & Wan, Man Pun & Tong, Shanshan & Li, Hua & Chang, Victor W.-C. & Wong, Swee Khian & Thian Toh, Winston Boo & Leng Lee, Irene Yen, 2015. "Modeling of cool roof heat transfer in tropical climate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 210-223.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zeineb Behi & Kelvin Tsun Wai Ng & Amy Richter & Nima Karimi & Abhijeet Ghosh & Lei Zhang, 2022. "Exploring the untapped potential of solar photovoltaic energy at a smart campus: Shadow and cloud analyses," Energy & Environment, , vol. 33(3), pages 511-526, May.
    2. Arias-Rosales, Andrés & LeDuc, Philip R., 2023. "Urban solar harvesting: The importance of diffuse shadows in complex environments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    3. Arias-Rosales, Andrés & LeDuc, Philip R., 2022. "Shadow modeling in urban environments for solar harvesting devices with freely defined positions and orientations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).

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