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Production of rice husk bio-oil and comprehensive characterization (qualitative and quantitative) by HPLC/PDA and GC × GC/qMS

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  • Lazzari, Eliane
  • Polidoro, Allan dos Santos
  • Onorevoli, Bruna
  • Schena, Tiago
  • Silva, Aline Nunes
  • Scapin, Enelise
  • Jacques, Rosangela Assis
  • Caramão, Elina Bastos

Abstract

Pyrolysis of rice husk (RH) is an efficient process for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil (high-added value product). Bio-oil consists of two immiscible phases (organic and aqueous) both with potential for the generation of important chemicals for the industry. The aim of this study was to produce bio-oil by pyrolysis of RH and elucidate its chemical composition. Response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully used to determine the optimal pyrolysis conditions for the RH dry bio-oil production using central composite design (CCD). Temperature and flow rate significantly affected the bio-oil production and higher dry bio-oil yield was achieved at 650 °C and N2 flow rate of 100 mL min−1 (predicted values of 16.9%). High performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC/PDA) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with quadrupole mass spectrometry detection (GC × GC/qMS) were used to provide a comprehensive characterization (qualitative and quantitative) of both phases from RH bio-oil. Through GC × GC/qMS analysis a total number of 98 compounds were found in organic phase; from these, 62 were quantified using a developed quantitative method by relative response factors (RRFs). Phenols and ketones (cyclic ketones) were majority in the organic phase, 8.21 and 5.90 wt%, respectively, and the benzofuran (1.37 wt%) corresponds to the major identified compound. HPLC/PDA analysis evidenced a high concentration of benzenediols and furfurals in the aqueous phase. Catechol was the major compound (2063 mg L−1) followed by furfural (997 mg L−1) and hydroquinone (899 mg L−1). This is the first time that GC × GC/qMS and HPLC/PDA has been used to characterize (qualitatively and quantitatively) both phases from RH bio-oil which showed potential use as a source of high-added value chemicals.

Suggested Citation

  • Lazzari, Eliane & Polidoro, Allan dos Santos & Onorevoli, Bruna & Schena, Tiago & Silva, Aline Nunes & Scapin, Enelise & Jacques, Rosangela Assis & Caramão, Elina Bastos, 2019. "Production of rice husk bio-oil and comprehensive characterization (qualitative and quantitative) by HPLC/PDA and GC × GC/qMS," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 554-565.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:135:y:2019:i:c:p:554-565
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.12.053
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohammad I. Jahirul & Mohammad G. Rasul & Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury & Nanjappa Ashwath, 2012. "Biofuels Production through Biomass Pyrolysis —A Technological Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(12), pages 1-50, November.
    2. Effendi, A. & Gerhauser, H. & Bridgwater, A.V., 2008. "Production of renewable phenolic resins by thermochemical conversion of biomass: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(8), pages 2092-2116, October.
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