IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v133y2019icp393-400.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimisation of viscosity and density of refined palm Oil-Melaleuca Cajuputi oil binary blends using mixture design method

Author

Listed:
  • Che Mat, Sharzali
  • Idroas, M.Y.
  • Teoh, Y.H.
  • Hamid, M.F.

Abstract

The increasing demand for global energy and declining oil reserves have driven the search for alternative biofuel as fossil fuel replacement. This study proposes new blends of a light biofuel based on Melaleuca Cajuputi oil (MCO) and refined palm oil (RPO) that has lowered viscosities and densities properties as compared to neat RPO. In addition, a statistical approach using mixture design method was used in the design of experiment (DOE) to evaluate the correlation between the ratio of RPO-MCO blends on their kinematic viscosity and density properties. Based on the mixture design algorithm, a total of eight experimental runs were conducted consisting of three combinations of RPO-MCO blends, two neat oils and three replicate samples. A good fit between the developed model and the experimental data was obtained for the models of kinematic viscosity and density, with corresponding R2 values 0.9992 and 0.9998, respectively. Discrepancies in the predicted values to the experimental results were within 0.1–2.5%, validating the accuracy of the developed models. The optimal blend calculated is 32RPO68MCO which gives 5.9 mm2/s and 881.5 kg/m3 for the response values of kinematic viscosity and density, respectively. Both responses values satisfy the requirement of the ASTM D6751/EN14214 standard for biodiesel.

Suggested Citation

  • Che Mat, Sharzali & Idroas, M.Y. & Teoh, Y.H. & Hamid, M.F., 2019. "Optimisation of viscosity and density of refined palm Oil-Melaleuca Cajuputi oil binary blends using mixture design method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 393-400.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:133:y:2019:i:c:p:393-400
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.10.017
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148118312011
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2018.10.017?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Roberts, W.L. & Dibble, R.W., 2015. "Feasibility of using less viscous and lower cetane (LVLC) fuels in a diesel engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1166-1190.
    2. Singh, Paramvir & Varun, & Chauhan, S.R. & Kumar, Niraj, 2016. "A review on methodology for complete elimination of diesel from CI engines using mixed feedstock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1110-1125.
    3. Shahir, S.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Imran, A. & Fattah, I.M. Rizwanul & Sanjid, A., 2014. "Feasibility of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol/bioethanol blend as existing CI engine fuel: An assessment of properties, material compatibility, safety and combustion," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 379-395.
    4. Agarwal, Avinash Kumar & Dhar, Atul, 2013. "Experimental investigations of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Karanja oil blends fuelled DICI engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 283-291.
    5. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Lee, P.S. & Chua, K.J.E. & Chou, S.K., 2013. "Combustion performance and emission characteristics study of pine oil in a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 344-351.
    6. Ali, Obed M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, Nik R. & Abdullah, Abdul Adam, 2016. "Analysis of blended fuel properties and engine performance with palm biodiesel–diesel blended fuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 59-67.
    7. Gui, M.M. & Lee, K.T. & Bhatia, S., 2008. "Feasibility of edible oil vs. non-edible oil vs. waste edible oil as biodiesel feedstock," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(11), pages 1646-1653.
    8. Kumar, Satish & Cho, Jae Hyun & Park, Jaedeuk & Moon, Il, 2013. "Advances in diesel–alcohol blends and their effects on the performance and emissions of diesel engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 46-72.
    9. Bari, S. & Lim, T.H. & Yu, C.W., 2002. "Effects of preheating of crude palm oil (CPO) on injection system, performance and emission of a diesel engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 339-351.
    10. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Lee, P.S. & Chua, K.J.E. & Chou, S.K., 2014. "Pine oil–biodiesel blends: A double biofuel strategy to completely eliminate the use of diesel in a diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 466-473.
    11. Ramadhas, A.S & Jayaraj, S & Muraleedharan, C, 2004. "Use of vegetable oils as I.C. engine fuels—A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 727-742.
    12. Lam, Man Kee & Tan, Kok Tat & Lee, Keat Teong & Mohamed, Abdul Rahman, 2009. "Malaysian palm oil: Surviving the food versus fuel dispute for a sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1456-1464, August.
    13. Atmanli, Alpaslan & Ileri, Erol & Yuksel, Bedri & Yilmaz, Nadir, 2015. "Extensive analyses of diesel–vegetable oil–n-butanol ternary blends in a diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 155-162.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rafael Estevez & Laura Aguado-Deblas & Francisco J. López-Tenllado & Carlos Luna & Juan Calero & Antonio A. Romero & Felipa M. Bautista & Diego Luna, 2022. "Biodiesel Is Dead: Long Life to Advanced Biofuels—A Comprehensive Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-39, April.
    2. Che Mat, S. & Idroas, M.Y. & Teoh, Y.H. & Hamid, M.F. & Sharudin, H. & Pahmi, M.A.A.H., 2022. "Optimization of ternary blends among refined palm oil-hexanol-melaleuca cajuputi oil and engine emissions analysis of the blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 451-461.
    3. Hamid, M. Fadzli & Idroas, M. Yusof & Mazlan, M. & Sa'ad, S. & Teoh, Y.H. & Che Mat, S. & Miskam, M.A. & Abdullah, M.K., 2022. "Methods for improving the in-cylinder airflow characteristics for sustainable transportation using fuels with higher viscosity: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    4. Sáez-Bastante, J. & Carmona-Cabello, M. & Pinzi, S. & Dorado, M.P., 2020. "Recycling of kebab restoration grease for bioenergy production through acoustic cavitation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 1147-1155.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tamilselvan, P. & Nallusamy, N. & Rajkumar, S., 2017. "A comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1134-1159.
    2. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Roberts, W.L. & Dibble, R.W., 2015. "Feasibility of using less viscous and lower cetane (LVLC) fuels in a diesel engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1166-1190.
    3. Eiadtrong, Suppakit & Maliwan, Kittinan & Prateepchaikul, Gumpon & Kattiyawan, Taweesak & Thephsorn, Pongsakorns & Leevijit, Theerayut, 2019. "Preparation, important fuel properties, and comparative use of un-preheated palm fatty acid distillate-diesel blends in a single cylinder diesel engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 1089-1098.
    4. Leevijit, Theerayut & Prateepchaikul, Gumpon & Maliwan, Kittinan & Mompiboon, Parinya & Eiadtrong, Suppakit, 2017. "Comparative properties and utilization of un-preheated degummed/esterified mixed crude palm oil-diesel blends in an agricultural engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 82-89.
    5. Singh, Paramvir & Chauhan, S.R. & Goel, Varun, 2018. "Assessment of diesel engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics fuelled with dual fuel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 501-510.
    6. Laura Aguado-Deblas & Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo & Felipa M. Bautista & Diego Luna & Carlos Luna & Juan Calero & Alejandro Posadillo & Antonio A. Romero & Rafael Estevez, 2020. "Diethyl Ether as an Oxygenated Additive for Fossil Diesel/Vegetable Oil Blends: Evaluation of Performance and Emission Quality of Triple Blends on a Diesel Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, March.
    7. Blin, J. & Brunschwig, C. & Chapuis, A. & Changotade, O. & Sidibe, S.S. & Noumi, E.S. & Girard, P., 2013. "Characteristics of vegetable oils for use as fuel in stationary diesel engines—Towards specifications for a standard in West Africa," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 580-597.
    8. Jakub Čedík & Martin Pexa & Michal Holúbek & Zdeněk Aleš & Radek Pražan & Peter Kuchar, 2020. "Effect of Diesel Fuel-Coconut Oil-Butanol Blends on Operational Parameters of Diesel Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-16, July.
    9. No, Soo-Young, 2017. "Application of straight vegetable oil from triglyceride based biomass to IC engines – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 80-97.
    10. Mahmudul, H.M. & Hagos, F.Y. & Mamat, R. & Adam, A. Abdul & Ishak, W.F.W. & Alenezi, R., 2017. "Production, characterization and performance of biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 497-509.
    11. Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Wong, Pak Kin & Cheung, Chun Shun & Ning, Zhi & Yung, Ka-Fu & Zhao, Jing & Gali, Nirmal Kumar & Berenjestanaki, Alireza Valipour, 2021. "Impact of lower and higher alcohols on the physicochemical properties of particulate matter from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    12. Singh, Paramvir & Varun, & Chauhan, S.R. & Kumar, Niraj, 2016. "A review on methodology for complete elimination of diesel from CI engines using mixed feedstock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1110-1125.
    13. Mat Yasin, Mohd Hafizil & Mamat, Rizalman & Najafi, G. & Ali, Obed Majeed & Yusop, Ahmad Fitri & Ali, Mohd Hafiz, 2017. "Potentials of palm oil as new feedstock oil for a global alternative fuel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1034-1049.
    14. Rafael Estevez & Laura Aguado-Deblas & Francisco J. López-Tenllado & Carlos Luna & Juan Calero & Antonio A. Romero & Felipa M. Bautista & Diego Luna, 2022. "Biodiesel Is Dead: Long Life to Advanced Biofuels—A Comprehensive Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-39, April.
    15. Boopathi, D. & Thiyagarajan, S. & Edwin Geo, V. & Madhankumar, S. & Gheith, R., 2018. "Effect of geraniol on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of CI engine fuelled with gutter oil obtained from different sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 391-401.
    16. Qi, D.H. & Yang, K. & Zhang, D. & Chen, B. & Wei, Q. & Zhang, C.H., 2017. "Experimental investigation of a turbocharged CRDI diesel engine fueled with Tung oil-diesel-ethanol microemulsion fuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1201-1207.
    17. Vladimir Anatolyevich Markov & Bowen Sa & Sergey Nikolaevich Devyanin & Anatoly Anatolyevich Zherdev & Pablo Ramon Vallejo Maldonado & Sergey Anatolyevich Zykov & Aleksandr Dmitrievich Denisov & Hewag, 2021. "Investigation of the Performances of a Diesel Engine Operating on Blended and Emulsified Biofuels from Rapeseed Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-28, October.
    18. Kim, Hwanam & Choi, Byungchul, 2010. "The effect of biodiesel and bioethanol blended diesel fuel on nanoparticles and exhaust emissions from CRDI diesel engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 157-163.
    19. Yusri, I.M. & Mamat, R. & Najafi, G. & Razman, A. & Awad, Omar I. & Azmi, W.H. & Ishak, W.F.W. & Shaiful, A.I.M., 2017. "Alcohol based automotive fuels from first four alcohol family in compression and spark ignition engine: A review on engine performance and exhaust emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 169-181.
    20. Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Masjuki, H.H. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Silitonga, A.S. & Chong, W.T. & Yusaf, Talal, 2014. "Engine performance and emissions using Jatropha curcas, Ceiba pentandra and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in a CI diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 427-445.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:133:y:2019:i:c:p:393-400. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.