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Assessing the capacity and flow of ecosystem services in multifunctional landscapes: Evidence of a rural-urban gradient in a Mediterranean small island state

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  • Balzan, Mario V
  • Caruana, Julio
  • Zammit, Annrica

Abstract

Distinguishing between the ecosystems’ capacity to generate ecosystem services (ES) and the actual use of these service (ES flow) in ES assessment and mapping is important to develop an understanding of the sustainability of ES use. This study assesses the spatial variation in ES capacity and flow in the Mediterranean small island state of Malta. The services included in this study were crop provisioning, beekeeping and honey production, fodder and livestock production, crop pollination, air quality regulation, and aesthetic ES. This assessment develops different spatial models, which make use of available datasets, causal relationships between datasets, including a generated land use land cover (LULC) map, and statistical models and indicators based on direct measurements. Individual ES indicators were mapped to visualise and compare their spatial patterns across the case study area. Subsequently, an analysis of ES associations and bundles was carried out using Pearson parametric correlation test, for both ES capacity and flow indicators generated from this study, and through Principal Component Analysis. Results demonstrate several significant synergistic interactions between ES capacity and flow in rural landscapes characterised with agricultural and semi-natural LULC categories, indicating high landscape multifunctionality. In contrast, predominantly urban areas tend to be characterised with a low ecosystem capacity and ES flow, suggesting that ES delivery in the landscapes of the study area is determined by land use intensity. These findings support the notion that multifunctional rural landscapes provide multiple ES, making an important contribution to human well-being, and that land use planning that develops green infrastructure in urban areas can significantly contribute to support biodiversity and ES delivery.

Suggested Citation

  • Balzan, Mario V & Caruana, Julio & Zammit, Annrica, 2018. "Assessing the capacity and flow of ecosystem services in multifunctional landscapes: Evidence of a rural-urban gradient in a Mediterranean small island state," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 711-725.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:75:y:2018:i:c:p:711-725
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.08.025
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    14. Andrea Momblanch & Lindsay Beevers & Pradeep Srinivasalu & Anil Kulkarni & Ian P. Holman, 2020. "Enhancing production and flow of freshwater ecosystem services in a managed Himalayan river system under uncertain future climate," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 162(2), pages 343-361, September.
    15. Muñoz-Rojas, J. & Pinto-Correia, T. & Napoleone, C., 2019. "Farm and land system dynamics in the Mediterranean: Integrating different spatial-temporal scales and management approaches," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    16. Lyu, Rongfang & Clarke, Keith C. & Zhang, Jianming & Feng, Junli & Jia, Xuehui & Li, Jijun, 2021. "Dynamics of spatial relationships among ecosystem services and their determinants: Implications for land use system reform in Northwestern China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    17. Wenbo Cai & Chengji Shu & Yonggang Zhu, 2023. "Using Ecosystem Services to Inform Sustainable Waterfront Area Management: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Delta Ecological Green Integration Demonstration Zone," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, July.
    18. Zhipeng Zhu & Weicong Fu & Qunyue Liu, 2021. "Correlation between urbanization and ecosystem services in Xiamen, China," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 101-121, January.
    19. Feiyan Chen & Ling Li & Jiqiang Niu & Aiwen Lin & Shiyu Chen & Lin Hao, 2019. "Evaluating Ecosystem Services Supply and Demand Dynamics and Ecological Zoning Management in Wuhan, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-17, July.
    20. Hualin Xie & Yanwei Zhang & Yongrok Choi & Fengqin Li, 2020. "A Scientometrics Review on Land Ecosystem Service Research," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-23, April.
    21. Taboada, Angela & García-Llamas, Paula & Fernández-Guisuraga, José Manuel & Calvo, Leonor, 2021. "Wildfires impact on ecosystem service delivery in fire-prone maritime pine-dominated forests," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    22. Gabriella Vindigni & Alexandros Mosca & Tommaso Bartoloni & Daniela Spina, 2021. "Shedding Light on Peri-Urban Ecosystem Services Using Automated Content Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-17, August.
    23. Lorilla, Roxanne Suzette & Kalogirou, Stamatis & Poirazidis, Konstantinos & Kefalas, George, 2019. "Identifying spatial mismatches between the supply and demand of ecosystem services to achieve a sustainable management regime in the Ionian Islands (Western Greece)," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    24. Lorilla, Roxanne Suzette & Poirazidis, Konstantinos & Detsis, Vassilis & Kalogirou, Stamatis & Chalkias, Christos, 2020. "Socio-ecological determinants of multiple ecosystem services on the Mediterranean landscapes of the Ionian Islands (Greece)," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 422(C).
    25. Yaotao Xu & Peng Li & Jinjin Pan & Yi Zhang & Xiaohu Dang & Xiaoshu Cao & Junfang Cui & Zhi Yang, 2022. "Eco-Environmental Effects and Spatial Heterogeneity of “Production-Ecology-Living” Land Use Transformation: A Case Study for Ningxia, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-20, August.

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