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The impact of unregulated industrial tin-tailing processing in Malaysia: Past, present and way forward

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  • Rahmat, Muhammad Abdullah
  • Ismail, Aznan Fazli
  • Aziman, Eli Syafiqah
  • Rodzi, Nursyamimi Diyana
  • Mohamed, Faizal
  • Abdul Rahman, Irman

Abstract

The end product of tin tailing processing, specifically heavy minerals, has paved the way for waste utilization contributed by the tin mining and extraction industry in Malaysia. However, the 1994 exemption order of this specific processing industry in complying with the Atomic Licensing Act 1984 has directly impacted plant workers and environmental sustainability in terms of radiation safety. The radiological impact was indicated based on radiation exposure values that exceeded the regulatory limit of 1 mSv/y. Despite these findings, the industry's response to remedy the situation remains stagnant. Due to enforcement and awareness deficiencies, similar radiological risks were still elucidated in recent studies. Notedly, countries that enacted a series of comprehensive guides, laws, and heavy fines have successfully minimized the industry's radiological and environmental effects. Hence, in managing the local tailing processing industry in regard to conduct and risks to the workers and the environment, a robust set of comprehensive laws and regulations must be established, functioning as the foundation of future improvement.

Suggested Citation

  • Rahmat, Muhammad Abdullah & Ismail, Aznan Fazli & Aziman, Eli Syafiqah & Rodzi, Nursyamimi Diyana & Mohamed, Faizal & Abdul Rahman, Irman, 2022. "The impact of unregulated industrial tin-tailing processing in Malaysia: Past, present and way forward," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jrpoli:v:78:y:2022:i:c:s0301420722003105
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102864
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jamaludin, Husna & Patunru, Arianto & Lahiri-Dutt, Kuntala, 2020. "Role of rumours and locals’ perceptions on the level of environmental impacts of Lynas Advanced Material Plant, Kuantan, Malaysia," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
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    1. Pratiwi & Budi Hadi Narendra & Chairil Anwar Siregar & Iskandar & Budi Mulyanto & Suwardi & Dyah Tjahyandari Suryaningtyas & I Wayan Susi Dharmawan & Sri Suharti & Fenky Marsandi, 2025. "Tin Mining and Post-Tin Mining Reclamation Initiatives in Indonesia: With Special Reference to Bangka Belitung Areas," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-32, September.
    2. Aziman, Eli Syafiqah & Ismail, Aznan Fazli & Rahmat, Muhammad Abdullah, 2023. "Balancing economic growth and environmental protection: A sustainable approach to Malaysia's rare-earth industry," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    3. Aziman, Eli Syafiqah & Ismail, Aznan Fazli & Yahya, Mohd Syukri & Iskandar, Batari Toja, 2026. "Scandium extraction from Malaysian industrial waste: Challenges and opportunities for a sustainable energy future," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    4. Abdulrahman Masoud Alotaibi & Aznan Fazli Ismail, 2022. "Modification of Clinoptilolite as a Robust Adsorbent for Highly-Efficient Removal of Thorium (IV) from Aqueous Solutions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-21, October.

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