Correlates of non-suicidal self-injury in South Korean juvenile detention facilities: A general strain theory perspective

This study applies General Strain Theory (GST) to examine the relationship between strain, negative emotional responses, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among detained youth in South Korea. The analysis focused on how parental abuse, perceived social exclusion, goal blockage, and institutional strain influence the likelihood of NSSI, and whether anger and depression mediate these associations. Results reveal that depression functioned as a significant mediator and direct predictor of NSSI, whereas anger did not mediate strain to NSSI pathways despite showing a direct effect. Specifically, depression fully mediated the effects of parental abuse, goal blockage, and general institutional strain, and partially mediated the effect of perceived social exclusion. Perceived social exclusion emerged as a strong predictor, operating through both depression-mediated and direct pathways. Additionally, negative relationships with correctional officers demonstrated direct effects on NSSI independent of emotional mediation. Female juveniles and those in longer-term detention showed elevated NSSI risk. These findings contribute to theoretical advancements of GST in institutionalized populations and provide practical guidance for juvenile justice policy and correctional mental health interventions.