IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jbrese/v136y2021icp612-629.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The shape of loneliness: The relationship between loneliness and consumer preference for angular versus circular shapes

Author

Listed:
  • Chen, Nuoya
  • Jiao, Jinfeng (Jenny)
  • Fan, Xiucheng
  • Li, Shaobo (Kevin)

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between loneliness and shape preference for angularity or circularity. Across five studies, we show that lonely (vs. nonlonely) consumers prefer angular over circular shapes. This effect is driven by the perceived fit between feelings of loneliness (vs. non-loneliness) and angular (vs. circular) shapes. Moreover, this effect occurs only when consumption is private. In public consumption, shape (angular vs. circular) does not affect lonely consumers’ preferences. We demonstrate these effects in various product- and logo-shape elements, such as logo typefaces (Study 1a), app icons (Study 1b), store displays (Study 2), and product designs (Studies 3a and 3b). These findings add to theories of sensory marketing and loneliness and yield insights for marketing practitioners.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Nuoya & Jiao, Jinfeng (Jenny) & Fan, Xiucheng & Li, Shaobo (Kevin), 2021. "The shape of loneliness: The relationship between loneliness and consumer preference for angular versus circular shapes," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 612-629.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:136:y:2021:i:c:p:612-629
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.07.046
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296321005427
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.07.046?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liu, Stephanie Q. & Bogicevic, Vanja & Mattila, Anna S., 2018. "Circular vs. angular servicescape: “Shaping” customer response to a fast service encounter pace," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 47-56.
    2. Rik Pieters, 2013. "Bidirectional Dynamics of Materialism and Loneliness: Not Just a Vicious Cycle," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 40(4), pages 615-631.
    3. repec:oup:jconrs:v:47:y:2021:i:5:p:755-771. is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Hiromi Taniguchi & Gayle Kaufman, 2019. "Self-Construal, Social Support, and Loneliness in Japan," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 14(4), pages 941-960, September.
    5. Yuwei Jiang & Lei Su & Rui (Juliet) Zhu, 2019. "The Shape of Money: The Impact of Financial Resources on Product Shape Preference," Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, University of Chicago Press, vol. 4(4), pages 436-445.
    6. Pang, Jun & Ding, Ying, 2021. "Blending package shape with the gender dimension of brand image: How and why?," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 216-231.
    7. Jing Wang & Rui (Juliet) Zhu & Baba Shiv, 2012. "The Lonely Consumer: Loner or Conformer?," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 38(6), pages 1116-1128.
    8. Berezan, Orie & Krishen, Anjala S. & Agarwal, Shaurya & Kachroo, Pushkin, 2020. "Exploring loneliness and social networking: Recipes for hedonic well-being on Facebook," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 258-265.
    9. Rui (Juliet) Zhu & Jennifer J. Argo, 2013. "Exploring the Impact of Various Shaped Seating Arrangements on Persuasion," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 40(2), pages 336-349.
    10. Yuwei Jiang & Gerald J. Gorn & Maria Galli & Amitava Chattopadhyay, 2016. "Does Your Company Have the Right Logo? How and Why Circular- and Angular-Logo Shapes Influence Brand Attribute Judgments," Journal of Consumer Research, Oxford University Press, vol. 42(5), pages 709-726.
    11. Ratner, Rebecca K & Kahn, Barbara E, 2002. "The Impact of Private versus Public Consumption on Variety-Seeking Behavior," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 29(2), pages 246-257, September.
    12. Rippé, Cindy B. & Smith, Brent & Dubinsky, Alan J., 2018. "Lonely consumers and their friend the retail salesperson," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 131-141.
    13. Aaker, Jennifer L & Lee, Angela Y, 2001. ""I" Seek Pleasures and "We" Avoid Pains: The Role of Self-Regulatory Goals in Information Processing and Persuasion," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 28(1), pages 33-49, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Jiawei, 2023. "The relationship between loneliness and consumer shopping channel choice: Evidence from China," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    2. Jang, Eunyoung & Arens, Zachary G., 2023. "Compensating for interpersonal relationships with brand relationships: A two-dimensional view," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Ruiqin & Wang, Yan & Zhang, Hongli, 2023. "The shape of premiumness: Logo Shape's effects on perceived brand premiumness and brand preference," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    2. Jang, Eunyoung & Arens, Zachary G., 2023. "Compensating for interpersonal relationships with brand relationships: A two-dimensional view," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    3. Xueqin Wang & Yiik Diew Wong & Kum Fai Yuen, 2021. "Rise of ‘Lonely’ Consumers in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Synthesised Review on Psychological, Commercial and Social Implications," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-22, January.
    4. Lili Wang & Zoey Chen, 2022. "The effect of incentive structure on referral: the determining role of self-construal," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 50(5), pages 1091-1110, September.
    5. Wang, Jiawei, 2023. "The relationship between loneliness and consumer shopping channel choice: Evidence from China," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    6. Justina Sidlauskiene & Yannick Joye & Vilte Auruskeviciene, 2023. "AI-based chatbots in conversational commerce and their effects on product and price perceptions," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 33(1), pages 1-21, December.
    7. Liu, Stephanie Q. & Bogicevic, Vanja & Mattila, Anna S., 2018. "Circular vs. angular servicescape: “Shaping” customer response to a fast service encounter pace," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 47-56.
    8. Miriam Tatzel, 2003. "The Art of Buying: Coming to Terms with Money and Materialism," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 4(4), pages 405-435, December.
    9. Liu, Stephanie Q. & Choi, Sungwoo & Mattila, Anna S., 2019. "Love is in the menu: Leveraging healthy restaurant brands with handwritten typeface," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 289-298.
    10. Ping Dong & Chen-Bo Zhong & Darren DahlEditor & Jennifer ArgoAssociate Editor, 2017. "Retracted: Witnessing Moral Violations Increases Conformity in Consumption," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 44(4), pages 778-793.
    11. Berezan, Orie & Krishen, Anjala S. & Agarwal, Shaurya & Kachroo, Pushkin, 2020. "Exploring loneliness and social networking: Recipes for hedonic well-being on Facebook," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 258-265.
    12. Rippé, Cindy B. & Smith, Brent & Dubinsky, Alan J., 2018. "Lonely consumers and their friend the retail salesperson," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 131-141.
    13. Wang, Jie & Zhang, Xiadan & Jiang, Jing, 2022. "Healthy-Angular, unhealthy-circular: Effects of the fit between shapes and healthiness on consumer food preferences," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 740-750.
    14. V. U. Vinitha & Deepak S. Kumar & Keyoor Purani, 2021. "Biomorphic visual identity of a brand and its effects: a holistic perspective," Journal of Brand Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 28(3), pages 272-290, May.
    15. Chang, En-Chung & Xie, Chunya & Fan, Xiaomeng, 2022. "Defending the rules: How exposure to immoral behavior influences the boundary preference," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 654-663.
    16. Sharma, Monika & Rahman, Zillur, 2022. "Anthropomorphic brand management: An integrated review and research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 463-475.
    17. He (Michael) Jia & Echo Wen Wan & Wanyi Zheng, 2023. "Stars versus Bars: How the Aesthetics of Product Ratings “Shape” Product Preference," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 50(1), pages 142-166.
    18. Chan, Eugene Y. & Ilicic, Jasmina, 2019. "Political ideology and brand attachment," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 630-646.
    19. Antón, Carmen & Camarero, Carmen & Garrido, María-José, 2018. "A journey through the museum: Visit factors that prevent or further visitor satiation," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 48-61.
    20. Teng, Lefa & Xie, Chenxin & Liu, Tianjiao & Wang, Fan & Foti, Lianne, 2021. "The effects of uppercase vs. lowercase letters on consumers’ perceptions and brand attitudes," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 164-175.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:136:y:2021:i:c:p:612-629. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jbusres .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.