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The rise of internet-only banks: Analyzing the bias in cross-prefectural money demand elasticity

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  • Fujiki, Hiroshi

Abstract

In 2021, new bank forms, such as Internet-only banks, amassed 2 % of Japanese deposits. Tokyo’s statistics since 2005 encompass deposits in such banks, regardless of depositor location. These Tokyo-based banks operate branchless. Elevated deposits reported in Tokyo, Japan’s highest-income prefecture, could skew the income elasticity of money demand upwards in a cross-sectional regression. This study proposes reallocating Tokyo’s bank deposits to all prefectures to quantify the bias. Additionally, it suggests aggregating fifteen prefectures into five areas to address discrepancies between the deposit and income locations owing to cross-prefectural commuting. Adjusting for new bank deposits, the income elasticity of money demand decreased from 0.899 to 0.872 in March 2021, with overestimation increasing since March 2005. These findings suggest the adequacy of regional statistics in reflecting economic behavior in the digital era, warranting reevaluation.

Suggested Citation

  • Fujiki, Hiroshi, 2024. "The rise of internet-only banks: Analyzing the bias in cross-prefectural money demand elasticity," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:japwor:v:71:y:2024:i:c:s0922142524000318
    DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2024.101268
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Internet-only banks; income elasticity of money demand; regional data; digitization; cross-sectional money demand;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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