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Engaging school personnel in making schools safe for girls in Botswana, Malawi, and Mozambique

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  • Schwandt, Hilary M.
  • Underwood, Carol

Abstract

Girls are vulnerable to HIV in part because the social systems in which they live have failed to protect them. This study evaluates a program aimed at making schools safe for girl learners in order to reduce girls’ vulnerability to HIV in Botswana, Malawi, and Mozambique. In addition to an extensive process evaluation with school personnel program participants, program facilitators, and community members, a cross-sectional post-intervention survey was conducted among adolescent girls in the three countries. The total sample size was 1249 adolescent girls (ages 11–18). Bivariate and multilevel, multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the association between school participation in the intervention and a decrease in teachers offering sex in exchange for academic favors. In Botswana, girls who attended an intervention school, as compared to girls who attended a non-intervention school, were significantly more likely to report a reduction in teachers offering sex in exchange for favors. Communication interventions that both challenge and empower school personnel to create safer environments for schoolgirls can have positive effects, particularly in settings with sufficient resources to support change.

Suggested Citation

  • Schwandt, Hilary M. & Underwood, Carol, 2016. "Engaging school personnel in making schools safe for girls in Botswana, Malawi, and Mozambique," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 53-58.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:injoed:v:46:y:2016:i:c:p:53-58
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.10.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Krieger, Nancy, 1994. "Epidemiology and the web of causation: Has anyone seen the spider?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 39(7), pages 887-903, October.
    2. Jewkes, Rachel & Abrahams, Naeema, 2002. "The epidemiology of rape and sexual coercion in South Africa: an overview," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 55(7), pages 1231-1244, October.
    3. Underwood, Carol & Skinner, Joanna & Osman, Nadia & Schwandt, Hilary, 2011. "Structural determinants of adolescent girls' vulnerability to HIV: Views from community members in Botswana, Malawi, and Mozambique," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 73(2), pages 343-350, July.
    4. Mercy Tembon & Lucia Fort, 2008. "Girls' Education in the 21st Century : Gender Equality, Empowerment, and Economic Growth," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6554, April.
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    1. Sadandaula Rose Muheriwa Matemba & Rosina Cianelli & Natalie M. Leblanc & Chen Zhang & Joseph De Santis & Natalia Villegas Rodriguez & James M. McMahon, 2022. "Associations between Home- and School-Based Violent Experiences and the Development of Sexual Behavior in Young Adolescent Girls in the Rural Southern Region of Malawi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-13, May.

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