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Soybean waste (okara) as a valorization biomass for the bioethanol production

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  • Choi, In Seong
  • Kim, Young Gyu
  • Jung, Ja Kyun
  • Bae, Hyeun-Jong

Abstract

Okara, an agricultural waste product that is generated in abundance by the soy industry, has tremendous potential for use as renewable biomass rather than being disposed off in landfills or incinerated. We investigated the feasibility of using okara as a raw material for the production of bioethanol using hydrolytic enzymes produced in-house and analyzed its content in fermentable sugars such as glucose and galactose, which can be fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We also performed a comparative study of the activities of hydrolytic enzymes produced in-house from various fungal species on okara biomass. The in-house enzymes were produced from fungi using okara as a carbon source and tested on okara biomass for their hydrolytic activity. The okara biomass was used raw or pretreated in an autoclave (moist heating) for 20 min at 121 °C. The chemical compositions content of raw and autoclaved biomass exhibited little difference; however, the enzymatic conversion rate increased significantly from 21.9% for the raw okara to 82.9% for the pretreated okara. The ethanol conversion yield (based on sugar content) from enzymatic hydrolysis after S. cerevisiae fermentation was 96.2%.

Suggested Citation

  • Choi, In Seong & Kim, Young Gyu & Jung, Ja Kyun & Bae, Hyeun-Jong, 2015. "Soybean waste (okara) as a valorization biomass for the bioethanol production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 1742-1747.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:93:y:2015:i:p2:p:1742-1747
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.09.093
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Choi, In Seong & Kim, Jae-Hoon & Wi, Seung Gon & Kim, Kyoung Hyoun & Bae, Hyeun-Jong, 2013. "Bioethanol production from mandarin (Citrus unshiu) peel waste using popping pretreatment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 204-210.
    2. Demirbas, Ayhan, 2011. "Competitive liquid biofuels from biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(1), pages 17-28, January.
    3. Choi, In Seong & Lee, Yoon Gyo & Khanal, Sarmir Kumar & Park, Bok Jae & Bae, Hyeun-Jong, 2015. "A low-energy, cost-effective approach to fruit and citrus peel waste processing for bioethanol production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 65-74.
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    2. Abdulkhani, Ali & Alizadeh, Peyman & Hedjazi, Sahab & Hamzeh, Yahya, 2017. "Potential of Soya as a raw material for a whole crop biorefinery," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1269-1280.
    3. Marie Stenton & Joseph A. Houghton & Veronika Kapsali & Richard S. Blackburn, 2021. "The Potential for Regenerated Protein Fibres within a Circular Economy: Lessons from the Past Can Inform Sustainable Innovation in the Textiles Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, February.

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