Multicomponent image-based modeling of water flow in heterogeneous wet shale nanopores

Shale contains abundant multicomponent nanopores with different wettability. Water flow in multicomponent nanoporous systems is still unclear due to the effects of mineral composition, complex pore-throat topology, and heterogeneous wettability. This work develops a contact angle-dependent numerical model for nanoconfined water flow considering heterogeneous wettability, slip effect, and effective viscosity. Water flow in single-component (i.e., clay, organic, inorganic) and multicomponent nanoporous media reconstructed utilizing image fusion techniques is systematically investigated. Results show that the enhancement factor increases exponentially, and the tortuosity increases with increasing contact angle. Water flow is inhibited under strongly hydrophilic conditions, with the enhancement factor linearly negatively correlated with specific surface area. Under hydrophobic conditions, the throat aspect ratio is inversely related to the enhancement factor, which is suppressed in quasi-circular pores. Water flow is restricted in clay pores and enhanced in organic pores due to the differences in pore-throat size and wettability. For the heterogeneous wetting system, the global flow is enhanced compared to no slip and homogeneous wetting conditions. Affected by clay and organic pores with different wettability, the velocity is non-uniformly enhanced, and the effect diminishes as water flows. This work provides a numerical perspective for water flow in heterogeneous wet nanoporous systems.