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Cumulative energy demand (CED) and cumulative CO2 emissions for products of the organic chemical industry

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  • Patel, M.

Abstract

This paper both presents and discusses the results of calculations on the Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) and the related Cumulative CO2 emissions (CCO2) for products of the organic chemical industry. The entire process chain is studied, starting with the extraction of resources and ending with the saleable material (cradle-to-factory gate). The materials studied are chemical intermediates and plastics as produced in Germany in the mid 1990s. The two bulk plastics, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, belong to the group of polymers that can be produced with a relatively low input of energy resources. By contrast, the CED and the CCO2 values for manufacturing engineering and special plastics can be more than twice as high. The CED and CCO2 data determined on the basis of our calculations is compared with data from other sources. The differences show that for a reliable study it is essential that use is made of only one set of data which has been determined in a consistent manner. In contrast, comparative assessments which use CED and CCO2 data originating from various sources, can easily result in distorted conclusions given the large data ranges. The data ranges found indicate that considerable uncertainties continue to exist, calling for further analysis in the area. Comparative calculations using CED and CCO2 data from independent, consistent sources are recommended for the time being.

Suggested Citation

  • Patel, M., 2003. "Cumulative energy demand (CED) and cumulative CO2 emissions for products of the organic chemical industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(7), pages 721-740.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:28:y:2003:i:7:p:721-740
    DOI: 10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00166-4
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    1. Worrell, E. & van Heijningen, R.J.J. & de Castro, J.F.M. & Hazewinkel, J.H.O. & de Beer, J.G. & Faaij, A.P.C. & Vringer, K., 1994. "New gross energy-requirement figures for materials production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 19(6), pages 627-640.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Neelis, Maarten & Patel, Martin & Bach, Pieter & Blok, Kornelis, 2009. "Analysis of energy use and carbon losses in the chemical industry," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(7-8), pages 853-862, July.
    3. Neelis, Maarten & Ramirez-Ramirez, Andrea & Patel, Martin & Farla, Jacco & Boonekamp, Piet & Blok, Kornelis, 2007. "Energy efficiency developments in the Dutch energy-intensive manufacturing industry, 1980-2003," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 6112-6131, December.
    4. Ozalp, Nesrin & Hyman, Barry, 2007. "Allocation of energy inputs among the end-uses in the US petroleum and coal products industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(8), pages 1460-1470.
    5. Carlos E. Gómez-Camacho & Bernardo Ruggeri, 2019. "Energy Sustainability Analysis (ESA) of Energy-Producing Processes: A Case Study on Distributed H 2 Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-23, September.
    6. Neelis, Maarten & Patel, Martin & Blok, Kornelis & Haije, Wim & Bach, Pieter, 2007. "Approximation of theoretical energy-saving potentials for the petrochemical industry using energy balances for 68 key processes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1104-1123.
    7. Sofia Russo & Alicia Valero & Antonio Valero & Marta Iglesias-Émbil, 2021. "Exergy-Based Assessment of Polymers Production and Recycling: An Application to the Automotive Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-19, January.
    8. Mattia Rapa & Laura Gobbi & Roberto Ruggieri, 2020. "Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Electric Vehicles: Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing Evaluation of Electricity Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-16, November.
    9. Fahd, S. & Fiorentino, G. & Mellino, S. & Ulgiati, S., 2012. "Cropping bioenergy and biomaterials in marginal land: The added value of the biorefinery concept," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 79-93.
    10. Ren, Tao & Patel, Martin K. & Blok, Kornelis, 2008. "Steam cracking and methane to olefins: Energy use, CO2 emissions and production costs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 817-833.
    11. Rebekka Volk & Christoph Stallkamp & Justus J. Steins & Savina Padumane Yogish & Richard C. Müller & Dieter Stapf & Frank Schultmann, 2021. "Techno‐economic assessment and comparison of different plastic recycling pathways: A German case study," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 25(5), pages 1318-1337, October.

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