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Identification of flow phenomena over NACA 4412 wind turbine airfoil at low Reynolds numbers and role of laminar separation bubble on flow evolution

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  • Koca, Kemal
  • Genç, Mustafa Serdar
  • Açıkel, Halil Hakan
  • Çağdaş, Mücahit
  • Bodur, Tuna Murat

Abstract

Objective of this study is to elucidate relationship with aerodynamic properties and vortex shedding from suction surface and wake of wind turbine blade at low Reynolds numbers. Force measurement of NACA 4412 airfoil was conducted at various angles of attack and Reynolds numbers. Furthermore, smoke-wire experiment was performed to clearly visualize flow patterns such as flow separation or laminar separation bubble (LSB) over the airfoil. Also, velocity measurements at near wake region were done to highlight coactions among LSB and trailing edge vortices. Hot-film experiment was performed to obtain more information with regards to progress and formation of LSB. Experiments indicated that location and formation of LSB were affected by variety of both Reynolds number and angle of attack. Besides, mean and rms velocities showed that flow characteristics near wake were influenced by LSB and trailing-edge separation. At lower angles of attack, short bubble occurred, and frequency of vortex shedding due to short bubble were high whereas shedding frequency of long bubble at moderate angles of attack were low. The bubbles can cause vibration and noise at the wind turbine blade, hence they should be better known and eliminated, which aerodynamic performance and energy efficiency of turbine can be increased.

Suggested Citation

  • Koca, Kemal & Genç, Mustafa Serdar & Açıkel, Halil Hakan & Çağdaş, Mücahit & Bodur, Tuna Murat, 2018. "Identification of flow phenomena over NACA 4412 wind turbine airfoil at low Reynolds numbers and role of laminar separation bubble on flow evolution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 750-764.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:144:y:2018:i:c:p:750-764
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.045
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kerikous, Emeel & Thévenin, Dominique, 2019. "Optimal shape and position of a thick deflector plate in front of a hydraulic Savonius turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    2. Koca, Kemal & Genç, Mustafa Serdar & Ertürk, Sevde, 2022. "Impact of local flexible membrane on power efficiency stability at wind turbine blade," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 1163-1173.
    3. Fan, Menghao & Sun, Zhaocheng & Dong, Xiangwei & Li, Zengliang, 2022. "Numerical and experimental investigation of bionic airfoils with leading-edge tubercles at a low-Re in considering stall delay," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 154-168.
    4. Açıkel, Halil Hakan & Serdar Genç, Mustafa, 2018. "Control of laminar separation bubble over wind turbine airfoil using partial flexibility on suction surface," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 176-190.
    5. Serdar GENÇ, Mustafa & KOCA, Kemal & AÇIKEL, Halil Hakan, 2019. "Investigation of pre-stall flow control on wind turbine blade airfoil using roughness element," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 320-334.
    6. Mustafa Özden & Mustafa Serdar Genç & Kemal Koca, 2023. "Passive Flow Control Application Using Single and Double Vortex Generator on S809 Wind Turbine Airfoil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-17, July.
    7. Aktaş, Ahmet & Kırçiçek, Yağmur, 2020. "A novel optimal energy management strategy for offshore wind/marine current/battery/ultracapacitor hybrid renewable energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    8. Bingchuan Sun & Hongmei Cui & Zhongyang Li & Teng Fan & Yonghao Li & Lida Luo & Yong Zhang, 2022. "Experimental Study on the Noise Evolution of a Horizontal Axis Icing Wind Turbine Based on a Small Microphone Array," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-20, November.
    9. Koca, Kemal & Genç, Mustafa Serdar & Bayır, Esra & Soğuksu, Fatma Kezban, 2022. "Experimental study of the wind turbine airfoil with the local flexibility at different locations for more energy output," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    10. Nakhchi, M.E. & Naung, S. Win & Dala, L. & Rahmati, M., 2022. "Direct numerical simulations of aerodynamic performance of wind turbine aerofoil by considering the blades active vibrations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 669-684.
    11. Nakhchi, M.E. & Naung, S. Win & Rahmati, M., 2021. "High-resolution direct numerical simulations of flow structure and aerodynamic performance of wind turbine airfoil at wide range of Reynolds numbers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).

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