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Improving the stability of diesel emulsions with high pyrolysis bio-oil content by alcohol co-surfactants and high shear mixing strategies

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  • de Luna, Mark Daniel G.
  • Cruz, Louie Angelo D.
  • Chen, Wei-Hsin
  • Lin, Bo-Jhih
  • Hsieh, Tzu-Hsien

Abstract

Bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis is a clean, sustainable and renewable energy resource. In this study, the emulsification of pyrolysis bio-oil in diesel fuel using a commercial emulsifier (Atlox 4914) and three alcohols (methanol, ethanol and n-butanol) as co-surfactants is investigated, with emphasis on emulsion stability and minimum emulsifier usage. Results show that the higher the bio-oil content, the lower the relative content of surfactant required for successful emulsification. The addition of alcohol co-surfactants into the emulsions, especially for those with higher bio-oil content, significantly improves emulsion stability (methanol > ethanol > n-butanol). These findings are attributed to the differences in alcohol molecular structure, viscosity and density. In this study, the influence of mixing strategy on emulsion stability is also evaluated. The performance of a vortex mixer is compared with that of an inexpensive commercially available blender. The vortex mixer provided better short-term mixing due to a more uniform energy distribution but the off-the-shelf blender gives superior emulsion stability. The blender mixing method offers a simple, low-cost and high-speed mixing that can provide the necessary mechanical energy input for successful emulsification. Overall, the present study gives useful insights into the production of bio-oil in diesel emulsions with high bio-oil content.

Suggested Citation

  • de Luna, Mark Daniel G. & Cruz, Louie Angelo D. & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lin, Bo-Jhih & Hsieh, Tzu-Hsien, 2017. "Improving the stability of diesel emulsions with high pyrolysis bio-oil content by alcohol co-surfactants and high shear mixing strategies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1416-1428.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:141:y:2017:i:c:p:1416-1428
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.055
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    Cited by:

    1. Lin, Bo-Jhih & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Hsieh, Tzu-Hsien & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Show, Pau Loke & Naqvi, Salman Raza, 2019. "Oxidative reaction interaction and synergistic index of emulsified pyrolysis bio-oil/diesel fuels," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 223-234.
    2. Kumar, R. & Strezov, V., 2021. "Thermochemical production of bio-oil: A review of downstream processing technologies for bio-oil upgrading, production of hydrogen and high value-added products," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Chen, Zhenbin & Wang, Li & Wei, Zhilong & Wang, Yu & Deng, Jiaojun, 2022. "Effect of components on the emulsification characteristic of glucose solution emulsified heavy fuel oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    4. Salvilla, John Nikko V. & Ofrasio, Bjorn Ivan G. & Rollon, Analiza P. & Manegdeg, Ferdinand G. & Abarca, Ralf Ruffel M. & de Luna, Mark Daniel G., 2020. "Synergistic co-pyrolysıs of polyolefin plastics with wood and agricultural wastes for biofuel production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    5. Leng, Lijian & Li, Hui & Yuan, Xingzhong & Zhou, Wenguang & Huang, Huajun, 2018. "Bio-oil upgrading by emulsification/microemulsification: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 214-232.
    6. Yuan, Xingzhong & Ding, Xiaowei & Leng, Lijian & Li, Hui & Shao, Jianguang & Qian, Yingying & Huang, Huajun & Chen, Xiaohong & Zeng, Guangming, 2018. "Applications of bio-oil-based emulsions in a DI diesel engine: The effects of bio-oil compositions on engine performance and emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 110-118.
    7. David Längauer & Yu-Ying Lin & Wei-Hsin Chen & Chao-Wen Wang & Michal Šafář & Vladimír Čablík, 2018. "Simultaneous Extraction and Emulsification of Food Waste Liquefaction Bio-Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-13, November.

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