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A new role of supercritical ethanol in macroalgae liquefaction (Saccharina japonica): Understanding ethanol participation, yield, and energy efficiency

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  • Zeb, Hassan
  • Choi, Jaeyeon
  • Kim, Yunje
  • Kim, Jaehoon

Abstract

Liquefaction of macroalgae was performed in a stirred autoclave reactor using supercritical ethanol (scEtOH) as a solvent. There was a sharp transition in ethanol consumption during macroalgae liquefaction in scEtOH when the temperature was increased from 350 to 400 °C. At 350 °C, a small amount of ethanol (6 wt%) reacted with intermediates, while at 400 °C, 18 wt% of the ethanol was consumed. Taking into account this increased consumption of ethanol at 400 °C, the bio-oil yield decreased from 79.2 to 53.9 wt%, energy recovery from 202.5% to 72.2%, and energy efficiency from 111.6% to 62.7%. The produced bio-oil had a molecular weight of 398 g mol−1, a HHV of 36.49 MJ kg−1, an O/C ratio of 0.12, and a H/C ratio of 1.58. To confirm the unique role of scEtOH in biomass liquefaction, subcritical water (subH2O) and supercritical water (scH2O)-based liquefactions were carried out and the results compared with those obtained for scEtOH-based liquefaction. GC-MS results from the bio-oil produced with scH2O revealed the percentage area of compounds containing an ethoxy group to be as low as 20%, while this value reached 62% when using scEtOH.

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  • Zeb, Hassan & Choi, Jaeyeon & Kim, Yunje & Kim, Jaehoon, 2017. "A new role of supercritical ethanol in macroalgae liquefaction (Saccharina japonica): Understanding ethanol participation, yield, and energy efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 116-126.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:118:y:2017:i:c:p:116-126
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.016
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Muhammad Usman & Shuo Cheng & Sasipa Boonyubol & Jeffrey S. Cross, 2023. "Evaluating Green Solvents for Bio-Oil Extraction: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-45, August.
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    5. Su, Ying & Guo, Bingfeng & Hornung, Ursel & Dahmen, Nicolaus, 2022. "FeCl3-supported solvothermal liquefaction of Miscanthus in methanol," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    6. Yan, Mi & Liu, Yu & Wen, Xiaoqiang & Yang, Yayong & Cui, Jintao & Chen, Feng & Hantoko, Dwi, 2023. "Effect of operating conditions on hydrothermal liquefaction of kitchen waste with ethanol-water as a co-solvent for bio-oil production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    7. Prajitno, Hermawan & Park, Jongkeun & Ryu, Changkook & Park, Ho Young & Lim, Hyun Soo & Kim, Jaehoon, 2018. "Effects of solvent participation and controlled product separation on biomass liquefaction: A case study of sewage sludge," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 402-416.
    8. Yang Han & Kent Hoekman & Umakanta Jena & Probir Das, 2019. "Use of Co-Solvents in Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Microalgae," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-23, December.
    9. Hwang, Jae-Hoon & Church, Jared & Lim, Jaewon & Lee, Woo Hyoung, 2018. "Photosynthetic biohydrogen production in a wastewater environment and its potential as renewable energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 222-229.
    10. Do, Truong Xuan & Mujahid, Rana & Lim, Hyun Soo & Kim, Jae-Kon & Lim, Young-Il & Kim, Jaehoon, 2020. "Techno-economic analysis of bio heavy-oil production from sewage sludge using supercritical and subcritical water," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 30-42.

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