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How to test the missing data mechanism in a hidden Markov model

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  • Chassan, Malika
  • Concordet, Didier

Abstract

A Hidden Markov Model with missing data in the outcome variable is considered. The initial and transition probabilities of the Markov chain and the emission probability of the HMM are allowed to depend on fully observed covariables. Tests for the ignorable and for the MCAR mechanisms are proposed. These tests do not require grouping the individuals by their missing pattern, making them easier to apply in practice. They are based on the estimates of the conditional probabilities of emitting a missing data given the latent state of the Markov chain and some observed covariables. When the ignorable mechanism holds, the conditional probabilities of emitting a missing value are the same for a given value of the observed variables. On the contrary, when the MCAR mechanism holds, these probabilities are all the same. A practical implementation of these tests based on simulations is proposed, along with a presentation of their performances. A real example from piglet farming illustrates their use.

Suggested Citation

  • Chassan, Malika & Concordet, Didier, 2023. "How to test the missing data mechanism in a hidden Markov model," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:csdana:v:182:y:2023:i:c:s0167947323000348
    DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2023.107723
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mortaza Jamshidian & Siavash Jalal, 2010. "Tests of Homoscedasticity, Normality, and Missing Completely at Random for Incomplete Multivariate Data," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 75(4), pages 649-674, December.
    2. Jamshidian, Mortaza & Jalal, Siavash & Jansen, Camden, 2014. "MissMech: An R Package for Testing Homoscedasticity, Multivariate Normality, and Missing Completely at Random (MCAR)," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 56(i06).
    3. Christoph Breunig, 2019. "Testing Missing at Random Using Instrumental Variables," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(2), pages 223-234, April.
    4. Kevin Kim & Peter Bentler, 2002. "Tests of homogeneity of means and covariance matrices for multivariate incomplete data," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 67(4), pages 609-623, December.
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