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A nonlocal reaction–diffusion–advection system modeling autotroph–mixotroph interactions

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  • Li, Danyang
  • Han, Xu
  • Zhang, Jimin
  • Cong, Pingping

Abstract

Autotrophic phytoplankton (autotrophs) and mixotrophic phytoplankton (mixotrophs) are two important types of phytoplankton. Mixotrophs consume autotrophs and both compete for light. We propose a nonlocal reaction–diffusion–advection system that describes the interactions between autotrophs and mixotrophs. Steady state solutions are analyzed by eigenvalue theory of elliptic operators and bifurcation theory. The basic ecological reproductive indices for autotroph and mixotroph invasion are given. We also explore the influences of ecological factors on the autotroph and mixotroph biomass and reveal some ecological mechanisms for the coexistence of autotrophs and mixotrophs. These results can be used to protect phytoplankton biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Danyang & Han, Xu & Zhang, Jimin & Cong, Pingping, 2025. "A nonlocal reaction–diffusion–advection system modeling autotroph–mixotroph interactions," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:194:y:2025:i:c:s0960077925002024
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116189
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Zhao, Shengnan & Yuan, Sanling & Zhang, Tonghua, 2022. "The impact of environmental fluctuations on a plankton model with toxin-producing phytoplankton and patchy agglomeration," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    3. Jef Huisman & Nga N. Pham Thi & David M. Karl & Ben Sommeijer, 2006. "Reduced mixing generates oscillations and chaos in the oceanic deep chlorophyll maximum," Nature, Nature, vol. 439(7074), pages 322-325, January.
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