Scheduling of electricity‑hydrogen integrated system under renewable energy sources uncertainty: Non-anticipativity and robust feasibility

The electricity‑hydrogen integrated system (E-HIS) represents a promising paradigm for future energy systems. Accordingly, developing rational dispatch strategies is essential to ensure its secure, stable, and economical operation. Given the inherent uncertainty of renewable energy sources (RES), enhancing the robustness of dispatch decisions is critical. Moreover, due to the temporal coupling characteristics of E-HIS, dispatch decisions must be non-anticipative; that is, dispatch decisions at any given time must be based solely on the decisions made in the previous period and the current uncertainties, without relying on future uncertainties. To address these challenges, a representative E-HIS is formulated based on the structural features of the electricity and hydrogen subsystems. A multi-stage robust dispatch model is then proposed, considering the operating states of the electrolyzer (EL) and generator, RES uncertainty, and the non-anticipative characteristics of the generator, battery energy storage system (BESS), and hydrogen tank (HT). To solve the model efficiently, a decoupled fast robust dual dynamic programming (D-FRDDP) algorithm is developed. Finally, case studies based on modified 6-bus and 69-bus E-HIS systems are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.