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Metal hydride storage tanks real-time state of charge estimation based on nonlinear observer with a non-observable subsystem

Author

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  • Chen, Mingrui
  • Costa-Castelló, Ramon
  • Batlle, Carles
  • Na, Jing

Abstract

In this paper, a novel state of charge real-time estimation architecture for metal hydride storage tanks is proposed. Specifically, the state of charge estimation problem is converted into a nonlinear observer design problem. Firstly, the observability of the metal hydride tank model is analyzed and the state space is divided into three regions according to its observability. Secondly, an unknown system dynamic estimator is used to estimate the sorption rate of metal hydride tanks, which only requires information on tank pressure, temperature and flow rate. Thirdly, an observer is designed to estimate the density of hydrogen and metal hydride. Finally, the performance of the proposed estimator is validated using numerical simulations and experimental data.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Mingrui & Costa-Castelló, Ramon & Batlle, Carles & Na, Jing, 2025. "Metal hydride storage tanks real-time state of charge estimation based on nonlinear observer with a non-observable subsystem," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 399(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:399:y:2025:i:c:s030626192501178x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126448
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Suárez, S.H. & Chabane, D. & N'Diaye, A. & Ait-Amirat, Y. & Djerdir, A., 2022. "Static and dynamic characterization of metal hydride tanks for energy management applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 59-70.
    2. Wang, Di & Wang, Yuqi & Huang, Zhuonan & Yang, Fusheng & Wu, Zhen & Zheng, Lan & Wu, Le & Zhang, Zaoxiao, 2019. "Design optimization and sensitivity analysis of the radiation mini-channel metal hydride reactor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 443-456.
    3. Usman, Muhammad R., 2022. "Hydrogen storage methods: Review and current status," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    4. Liu, Jiaxuan & Wang, Jing & Yang, Fusheng & Wu, Zhen & Zhang, Zaoxiao, 2025. "The analysis of cross-level transfer characteristic of hydrogen and heat of thermal coupling system: Framework design and case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
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