IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v336y2023ics0306261923002106.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimal sizing for microgrids integrating distributed flexibility with the Perth West smart city as a case study

Author

Listed:
  • Essayeh, Chaimaa
  • Morstyn, Thomas

Abstract

With the decreasing cost of green technologies and the increasing ambitions to reach the net-zero carbon emissions target, more communities are engaged in renewable deployment and energy-intensive technologies such as heat pumps and electric vehicles will be intensively adopted in the near future. The integration of these appliances in lower grid levels will likely require grid reinforcements. However, some of these appliances are flexible and there is an opportunity to explore their flexibility potential to optimise the investment costs further. This paper proposes an optimal design strategy for a grid-connected site that returns the renewable generation and storage’s optimal sizing capacities and the required network reinforcement capacity. The novelty of the work is integrating network upgrade costs and considering flexibility from distributed flexible resources across planning and operation. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer piecewise linear problem, with the capacities of generation, storage and network upgrade as decision variables. The piecewise linear cost function related to the upgrade costs figuring in the objective function is then recast as a mixed-integer problem, and the flexible resources are modelled through an approximation method as a single virtual flexible asset. The application of the strategy on the Perth West smart city project as a case study demonstrates the importance of considering flexibility in the planning phase. The costs related to the storage system can decrease by up to 76%, and the overall costs by up to 35%, with the highest levels of savings, reached for the highest rates of electric vehicle adoption.

Suggested Citation

  • Essayeh, Chaimaa & Morstyn, Thomas, 2023. "Optimal sizing for microgrids integrating distributed flexibility with the Perth West smart city as a case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:336:y:2023:i:c:s0306261923002106
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120846
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261923002106
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120846?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gazafroudi, Amin Shokri & Khorasany, Mohsen & Razzaghi, Reza & Laaksonen, Hannu & Shafie-khah, Miadreza, 2021. "Hierarchical approach for coordinating energy and flexibility trading in local energy markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    2. Gupta, Ruchi & Pena-Bello, Alejandro & Streicher, Kai Nino & Roduner, Cattia & Farhat, Yamshid & Thöni, David & Patel, Martin Kumar & Parra, David, 2021. "Spatial analysis of distribution grid capacity and costs to enable massive deployment of PV, electric mobility and electric heating," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    3. Kara, Güray & Pisciella, Paolo & Tomasgard, Asgeir & Farahmand, Hossein & Crespo del Granado, Pedro, 2022. "Stochastic local flexibility market design, bidding, and dispatch for distribution grid operations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    4. Mohammadali Kiehbadroudinezhad & Adel Merabet & Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil & Tareq Salameh & Chaouki Ghenai, 2022. "Intelligent and Optimized Microgrids for Future Supply Power from Renewable Energy Resources: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, May.
    5. El-Bidairi, Kutaiba S. & Nguyen, Hung Duc & Mahmoud, Thair S. & Jayasinghe, S.D.G. & Guerrero, Josep M., 2020. "Optimal sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems for dynamic frequency control in an islanded microgrid: A case study of Flinders Island, Australia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    6. Jiang, Tao & Li, Zening & Jin, Xiaolong & Chen, Houhe & Li, Xue & Mu, Yunfei, 2018. "Flexible operation of active distribution network using integrated smart buildings with heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 181-196.
    7. Hannan, M.A. & Faisal, M. & Jern Ker, Pin & Begum, R.A. & Dong, Z.Y. & Zhang, C., 2020. "Review of optimal methods and algorithms for sizing energy storage systems to achieve decarbonization in microgrid applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    8. Olivella-Rosell, Pol & Bullich-Massagué, Eduard & Aragüés-Peñalba, Mònica & Sumper, Andreas & Ottesen, Stig Ødegaard & Vidal-Clos, Josep-Andreu & Villafáfila-Robles, Roberto, 2018. "Optimization problem for meeting distribution system operator requests in local flexibility markets with distributed energy resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 881-895.
    9. Crozier, Constance & Morstyn, Thomas & McCulloch, Malcolm, 2020. "The opportunity for smart charging to mitigate the impact of electric vehicles on transmission and distribution systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    10. Wu, Di & Ma, Xu & Huang, Sen & Fu, Tao & Balducci, Patrick, 2020. "Stochastic optimal sizing of distributed energy resources for a cost-effective and resilient Microgrid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    11. Brinkel, N.B.G. & Schram, W.L. & AlSkaif, T.A. & Lampropoulos, I. & van Sark, W.G.J.H.M., 2020. "Should we reinforce the grid? Cost and emission optimization of electric vehicle charging under different transformer limits," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    12. Zhang, Yang & Campana, Pietro Elia & Yang, Ying & Stridh, Bengt & Lundblad, Anders & Yan, Jinyue, 2018. "Energy flexibility from the consumer: Integrating local electricity and heat supplies in a building," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 430-442.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hoseinzadeh, Siamak & Astiaso Garcia, Davide & Huang, Lizhen, 2023. "Grid-connected renewable energy systems flexibility in Norway islands’ Decarbonization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jin, Xiaolong & Wu, Qiuwei & Jia, Hongjie, 2020. "Local flexibility markets: Literature review on concepts, models and clearing methods," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    2. Babagheibi, Mahsa & Jadid, Shahram & Kazemi, Ahad, 2023. "An Incentive-based robust flexibility market for congestion management of an active distribution system to use the free capacity of Microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    3. Zou, Wenke & Sun, Yongjun & Gao, Dian-ce & Zhang, Xu & Liu, Junyao, 2023. "A review on integration of surging plug-in electric vehicles charging in energy-flexible buildings: Impacts analysis, collaborative management technologies, and future perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    4. Pu, Yuchen & Li, Qi & Zou, Xueli & Li, Ruirui & Li, Luoyi & Chen, Weirong & Liu, Hong, 2021. "Optimal sizing for an integrated energy system considering degradation and seasonal hydrogen storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    5. Christian van Someren & Martien Visser & Han Slootweg, 2023. "Sizing Batteries for Power Flow Management in Distribution Grids: A Method to Compare Battery Capacities for Different Siting Configurations and Variable Power Flow Simultaneity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-19, November.
    6. Nizami, Sohrab & Tushar, Wayes & Hossain, M.J. & Yuen, Chau & Saha, Tapan & Poor, H. Vincent, 2022. "Transactive energy for low voltage residential networks: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    7. Maen Z. Kreishan & Ahmed F. Zobaa, 2021. "Optimal Allocation and Operation of Droop-Controlled Islanded Microgrids: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-45, July.
    8. Valkering, Pieter & Moglianesi, Andrea & Godon, Louis & Duerinck, Jan & Huber, Dominik & Costa, Daniele, 2023. "Representing decentralized generation and local energy use flexibility in an energy system optimization model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    9. Siobhan Powell & Gustavo Vianna Cezar & Liang Min & Inês M. L. Azevedo & Ram Rajagopal, 2022. "Charging infrastructure access and operation to reduce the grid impacts of deep electric vehicle adoption," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(10), pages 932-945, October.
    10. Jasmine Ramsebner & Albert Hiesl & Reinhard Haas, 2020. "Efficient Load Management for BEV Charging Infrastructure in Multi-Apartment Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-23, November.
    11. Bernd Thormann & Thomas Kienberger, 2022. "Estimation of Grid Reinforcement Costs Triggered by Future Grid Customers: Influence of the Quantification Method (Scaling vs. Large-Scale Simulation) and Coincidence Factors (Single vs. Multiple Appl," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-26, February.
    12. Fawad Azeem & Ashfaq Ahmad & Taimoor Muzaffar Gondal & Jehangir Arshad & Ateeq Ur Rehman & Elsayed M. Tag Eldin & Muhammad Shafiq & Habib Hamam, 2022. "Load Management and Optimal Sizing of Special-Purpose Microgrids Using Two Stage PSO-Fuzzy Based Hybrid Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-19, September.
    13. Hajra Khan & Imran Fareed Nizami & Saeed Mian Qaisar & Asad Waqar & Moez Krichen & Abdulaziz Turki Almaktoom, 2022. "Analyzing Optimal Battery Sizing in Microgrids Based on the Feature Selection and Machine Learning Approaches," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-22, October.
    14. Powell, Siobhan & Vianna Cezar, Gustavo & Apostolaki-Iosifidou, Elpiniki & Rajagopal, Ram, 2022. "Large-scale scenarios of electric vehicle charging with a data-driven model of control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    15. Polleux, Louis & Schuhler, Thierry & Guerassimoff, Gilles & Marmorat, Jean-Paul & Sandoval-Moreno, John & Ghazouani, Sami, 2021. "On the relationship between battery power capacity sizing and solar variability scenarios for industrial off-grid power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    16. Guo, Rui & Meunier, Simon & Protopapadaki, Christina & Saelens, Dirk, 2023. "A review of European low-voltage distribution networks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    17. Rebenaque, Olivier & Schmitt, Carlo & Schumann, Klemens & Dronne, Théo & Roques, Fabien, 2023. "Success of local flexibility market implementation: A review of current projects," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    18. Damianakis, Nikolaos & Mouli, Gautham Ram Chandra & Bauer, Pavol & Yu, Yunhe, 2023. "Assessing the grid impact of Electric Vehicles, Heat Pumps & PV generation in Dutch LV distribution grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
    19. Pranav Nair & Vinay Vakharia & Himanshu Borade & Milind Shah & Vishal Wankhede, 2023. "Predicting Li-Ion Battery Remaining Useful Life: An XDFM-Driven Approach with Explainable AI," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, July.
    20. Francesco Lo Franco & Mattia Ricco & Riccardo Mandrioli & Gabriele Grandi, 2020. "Electric Vehicle Aggregate Power Flow Prediction and Smart Charging System for Distributed Renewable Energy Self-Consumption Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-25, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:336:y:2023:i:c:s0306261923002106. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.