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Numerical simulation of stratification behaviour in thermal storage tanks

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  • Ghaddar, N. K.
  • Al-Marafie, A. M.
  • Al-Kandari, A.

Abstract

A numerical one-dimensional, finite-difference, semi-implicit model of liquid stratification in thermal storage tanks has been developed. The model can be used for simulating charging and discharging of the thermal storage tank, with simple handling of inflow-outflow boundary conditions. The convective part of the numerical model is treated explicitly using a stable second-order time-stepping scheme to minimize dispersion errors, while diffusion is treated implicitly. The scheme proved to be stable and second-order accurate spatially and temporally. Comparisons are made with experimental data. A modification is carried out on the model to incorporate actual turbulence mixing that occurs in the inflow region of any storage tank due to the effect of the diffuser design. A proper spatially dependent diffusion term is added to modify the energy model to account for turbulent mixing. The predictions are in agreement with experimental data. The effect of inter-mixing on the reduction of storage tank efficiency has been evaluated. The complete model can be used in applications that involve a component for energy storage, such as in solar energy systems and in air-conditioning systems with load management.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghaddar, N. K. & Al-Marafie, A. M. & Al-Kandari, A., 1989. "Numerical simulation of stratification behaviour in thermal storage tanks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 225-239.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:32:y:1989:i:3:p:225-239
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    Cited by:

    1. Rodríguez, I. & Pérez-Segarra, C.D. & Lehmkuhl, O. & Oliva, A., 2013. "Modular object-oriented methodology for the resolution of molten salt storage tanks for CSP plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 402-414.
    2. Ghaddar, N.K., 1994. "Stratified storage tank influence on performance of solar water heating system tested in Beirut," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 4(8), pages 911-925.
    3. Chidambaram, L.A. & Ramana, A.S. & Kamaraj, G. & Velraj, R., 2011. "Review of solar cooling methods and thermal storage options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 3220-3228, August.
    4. Buonomano, Annamaria & Calise, Francesco & Ferruzzi, Gabriele, 2013. "Thermoeconomic analysis of storage systems for solar heating and cooling systems: A comparison between variable-volume and fixed-volume tanks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 600-616.
    5. Gupta, A. & Anand, Y. & Tyagi, S.K. & Anand, S., 2016. "Economic and thermodynamic study of different cooling options: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 164-194.
    6. Feng, Changling & E, Jiaqiang & Han, Wei & Deng, Yuanwang & Zhang, Bin & Zhao, Xiaohuan & Han, Dandan, 2021. "Key technology and application analysis of zeolite adsorption for energy storage and heat-mass transfer process: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    7. Cristina Prieto & Adrian Blindu & Luisa F. Cabeza & Juan Valverde & Guillermo García, 2023. "Molten Salts Tanks Thermal Energy Storage: Aspects to Consider during Design," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-19, December.
    8. Suárez, Christian & Iranzo, Alfredo & Pino, F.J. & Guerra, J., 2015. "Transient analysis of the cooling process of molten salt thermal storage tanks due to standby heat loss," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 56-65.
    9. Kaygusuz, Kamıl, 2000. "Experimental and theoretical investigation of a solar heating system with heat pump," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 79-102.

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