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Assessment of offloading pathways for wind-powered offshore hydrogen production: Energy and economic analysis

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  • Franco, Brais Armiño
  • Baptista, Patrícia
  • Neto, Rui Costa
  • Ganilha, Sofia

Abstract

Coupling offshore wind with hydrogen production can leverage the growth of both technologies due to synergies related to high capacity factors and the possibility of taking wind farms to areas where it would be impossible if these had to be connected to land. This work studies the competitiveness of different pathways of exporting hydrogen from offshore production plants, with special focus on the offloading to export hydrogen (pure hydrogen or hydrogen carriers) to land. This analysis relies on a techno-economic assessment of these pathways, including the determination of their levelized cost of hydrogen, the net present value and their energy expenditure. Among the studied pathways, the use of pipelines to transport hydrogen presents as the best solution, providing a levelized cost of hydrogen of 5.35€/kgH2 for the baseline case, with the potential of being as low as 2.17€/kgH2 if the EU support to hydrogen deployment achieves its targets. The energy requirement for this pathway is 0.46 MWh/MWhH2 (of lower heating value), being one of the less energy intensive methods. Another key insight of this work is that the commercialization of produced oxygen improves greatly the viability of the project, increasing the net present value by more than 150 M€ without major added complexities in the infrastructure. Also, a sensitivity analysis is performed to different variables (electrolyzer cost, capacity factor, electrolyzer system efficiency, plant distance to shore and the levelized cost of electricity) showing that the levelized cost of hydrogen is very dependent on the electricity and electrolyzer costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Franco, Brais Armiño & Baptista, Patrícia & Neto, Rui Costa & Ganilha, Sofia, 2021. "Assessment of offloading pathways for wind-powered offshore hydrogen production: Energy and economic analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:286:y:2021:i:c:s030626192100101x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116553
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Zheng, Yi & You, Shi & Bindner, Henrik W. & Münster, Marie, 2022. "Optimal day-ahead dispatch of an alkaline electrolyser system concerning thermal–electric properties and state-transitional dynamics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
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    7. Hailun Xie & Lars Johanning, 2023. "A Hierarchical Met-Ocean Data Selection Model for Fast O&M Simulation in Offshore Renewable Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-20, February.
    8. Golrokh Sani, Ahmad & Najafi, Hamidreza & Azimi, Seyedeh Shakiba, 2022. "Dynamic thermal modeling of the refrigerated liquified CO2 tanker in carbon capture, utilization, and storage chain: A truck transport case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    9. Zheng, Nan & Zhang, Hanfei & Duan, Liqiang & Wang, Qiushi & Bischi, Aldo & Desideri, Umberto, 2023. "Techno-economic analysis of a novel solar-driven PEMEC-SOFC-based multi-generation system coupled parabolic trough photovoltaic thermal collector and thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
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