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A carbon fiber thermoelectric generator integrated as a lamina within an 8-ply laminate epoxy composite: Efficient thermal energy harvesting by advanced structural materials

Author

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  • Karalis, George
  • Tzounis, Lazaros
  • Lambrou, Eleftherios
  • Gergidis, Leonidas N.
  • Paipetis, Alkiviadis S.

Abstract

For the first time, the fabrication of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) consisting of carbon fiber (CF) tows and its integration as a lamina within an 8-ply laminate epoxy composite is reported. Commercially available M40B and A-38 CF tows exhibited a Seebeck coefficient (S) of +33.85 μV/K (p-type) and −11.83 µV/K (n-type), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy highlighted the CF morphological characteristics and the fiber mean diameters. Electrical conductivity measurements revealed the extremely high values of 1.63 ± 0.04 × 105 S/m for the CF-M40B and 1.14 ± 0.03 × 105 S/m for the CF-A38. CF-M40B of 33.4 mm length were employed to fabricate a TEG consisting of ten serially interconnected thermocouples. The TEG-enabled CF reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite consisted of unidirectional fabrics at an alternating [0/90]2s symmetric configuration, with the CF TEG module comprising the bottom lamina. The CFRP TEG laminate exhibited a voltage output of 19.56 ± 1.31 mV at a temperature difference (ΔT) of 75 °C. A reference CFRP was tested in terms of mechanical performance via three point bending and compared to the TEG-enabled one. Finite Elements modeling validated the CFRP thermoelectric performance corroborating the experimental findings. Structural TEG-enabled CFRPs demonstrated for the first time in this work are envisaged to harvest thermal energy losses on a large scale during the operational lifetime of advanced composites.

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  • Karalis, George & Tzounis, Lazaros & Lambrou, Eleftherios & Gergidis, Leonidas N. & Paipetis, Alkiviadis S., 2019. "A carbon fiber thermoelectric generator integrated as a lamina within an 8-ply laminate epoxy composite: Efficient thermal energy harvesting by advanced structural materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:253:y:2019:i:c:73
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113512
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    1. Karalis, George & Tzounis, Lazaros & Mytafides, Christos K. & Tsirka, Kyriaki & Formanek, Petr & Stylianakis, Minas & Kymakis, Emmanuel & Paipetis, Alkiviadis S., 2021. "A high performance flexible and robust printed thermoelectric generator based on hybridized Te nanowires with PEDOT:PSS," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    2. Sun, Yu-Yuan & Mai, Van-Phung & Yang, Ruey-Jen, 2020. "Effects of electrode placement position and tilt angles of a platform on voltage induced by NaCl electrolyte flowing over graphene wafer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).

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