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Design and operation of a 1MWth chemical looping plant

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  • Ströhle, Jochen
  • Orth, Matthias
  • Epple, Bernd

Abstract

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is an efficient combustion technology with inherent separation of CO2. A metal oxide is used to transport oxygen from air to the fuel, thus avoiding direct contact between fuel and air. The CLC process imposes a very low energy penalty and low CO2 capture costs. The largest CLC pilot plant worldwide with a nominal power of 1MWth has been erected at Technische Universität Darmstadt. This paper presents the layout of the 1MWth pilot plant and first operational results using ilmenite and hard coal as fuel. The fuel reactor was fluidized with a mixture of air and steam, so that partial CLC operation was achieved. Conversion of coal was gradually shifted from combustion to gasification by decreasing the air ratio from 1 to 0.55 in the fuel reactor, leading to production of unconverted gases at the fuel reactor exit. The oxygen demand required for fully oxidizing the unconverted gases varied between 12 and 17. Relating the unconverted gases to the remaining 45% of the fuel that have not been oxidized by air, the oxygen demand would be in the range of 26–38%. A system for oxygen injection to fully convert the unconverted gases in the flue gas duct was proven to work successfully.

Suggested Citation

  • Ströhle, Jochen & Orth, Matthias & Epple, Bernd, 2014. "Design and operation of a 1MWth chemical looping plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1490-1495.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:113:y:2014:i:c:p:1490-1495
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ishida, M. & Zheng, D. & Akehata, T., 1987. "Evaluation of a chemical-looping-combustion power-generation system by graphic exergy analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 147-154.
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    1. Abad, Alberto & Pérez-Vega, Raúl & de Diego, Luis F. & García-Labiano, Francisco & Gayán, Pilar & Adánez, Juan, 2015. "Design and operation of a 50kWth Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) unit for solid fuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 295-303.
    2. Prabu, V., 2015. "Integration of in-situ CO2-oxy coal gasification with advanced power generating systems performing in a chemical looping approach of clean combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 1-13.
    3. Berdugo Vilches, Teresa & Lind, Fredrik & Rydén, Magnus & Thunman, Henrik, 2017. "Experience of more than 1000h of operation with oxygen carriers and solid biomass at large scale," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 1174-1183.
    4. Abad, Alberto & Adánez, Juan & Gayán, Pilar & de Diego, Luis F. & García-Labiano, Francisco & Sprachmann, Gerald, 2015. "Conceptual design of a 100MWth CLC unit for solid fuel combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 462-474.
    5. Schmitz, Matthias & Linderholm, Carl Johan, 2016. "Performance of calcium manganate as oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion of biochar in a 10kW pilot," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 729-737.
    6. Xu, Lei & Sun, Hongming & Li, Zhenshan & Cai, Ningsheng, 2016. "Experimental study of copper modified manganese ores as oxygen carriers in a dual fluidized bed reactor," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 940-947.
    7. Mayer, Karl & Penthor, Stefan & Pröll, Tobias & Hofbauer, Hermann, 2015. "The different demands of oxygen carriers on the reactor system of a CLC plant – Results of oxygen carrier testing in a 120kWth pilot plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 323-329.
    8. Ströhle, Jochen & Orth, Matthias & Epple, Bernd, 2015. "Chemical looping combustion of hard coal in a 1MWth pilot plant using ilmenite as oxygen carrier," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 288-294.
    9. Ma, Jinchen & Zhao, Haibo & Tian, Xin & Wei, Yijie & Rajendran, Sharmen & Zhang, Yongliang & Bhattacharya, Sankar & Zheng, Chuguang, 2015. "Chemical looping combustion of coal in a 5kWth interconnected fluidized bed reactor using hematite as oxygen carrier," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 304-313.
    10. Rajabi, Mahsa & Mehrpooya, Mehdi & Haibo, Zhao & Huang, Zhen, 2019. "Chemical looping technology in CHP (combined heat and power) and CCHP (combined cooling heating and power) systems: A critical review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    11. Falko Marx & Paul Dieringer & Jochen Ströhle & Bernd Epple, 2021. "Design of a 1 MW th Pilot Plant for Chemical Looping Gasification of Biogenic Residues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-25, April.
    12. Michael High & Clemens F. Patzschke & Liya Zheng & Dewang Zeng & Oriol Gavalda-Diaz & Nan Ding & Ka Ho Horace Chien & Zili Zhang & George E. Wilson & Andrey V. Berenov & Stephen J. Skinner & Kyra L. S, 2022. "Precursor engineering of hydrotalcite-derived redox sorbents for reversible and stable thermochemical oxygen storage," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    13. Mendiara, T. & García-Labiano, F. & Abad, A. & Gayán, P. & de Diego, L.F. & Izquierdo, M.T. & Adánez, J., 2018. "Negative CO2 emissions through the use of biofuels in chemical looping technology: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 657-684.
    14. Shuai Zhang & Rui Xiao, 2016. "Performance of iron ore oxygen carrier modified by biomass ashes in coal‐fueled chemical looping combustion," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 6(5), pages 695-709, October.
    15. Deng, Guixian & Li, Kongzhai & Zhang, Guifang & Gu, Zhenhua & Zhu, Xing & Wei, Yonggang & Wang, Hua, 2019. "Enhanced performance of red mud-based oxygen carriers by CuO for chemical looping combustion of methane," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    16. Samuel Bayham & Ronald Breault & Justin Weber, 2017. "Chemical Looping Combustion of Hematite Ore with Methane and Steam in a Fluidized Bed Reactor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-22, August.
    17. Zhang, Hao & Hong, Hui & Jiang, Qiongqiong & Deng, Ya'nan & Jin, Hongguang & Kang, Qilan, 2018. "Development of a chemical-looping combustion reactor having porous honeycomb chamber and experimental validation by using NiO/NiAl2O4," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 259-268.
    18. Ohlemüller, Peter & Alobaid, Falah & Gunnarsson, Adrian & Ströhle, Jochen & Epple, Bernd, 2015. "Development of a process model for coal chemical looping combustion and validation against 100kWth tests," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 433-448.
    19. Farajollahi, Hossein & Hossainpour, Siamak, 2023. "Techno-economic assessment of biomass and coal co-fueled chemical looping combustion unit integrated with supercritical CO2 cycle and Organic Rankine cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    20. Xiaosong Zhang & Sheng Li & Hongguang Jin, 2014. "A Polygeneration System Based on Multi-Input Chemical Looping Combustion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-12, November.
    21. Rana, Shazadi & Sun, Zhenkun & Mehrani, Poupak & Hughes, Robin & Macchi, Arturo, 2019. "Ilmenite oxidation kinetics for pressurized chemical looping combustion of natural gas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 747-759.
    22. Alobaid, Falah & Ohlemüller, Peter & Ströhle, Jochen & Epple, Bernd, 2015. "Extended Euler–Euler model for the simulation of a 1 MWth chemical–looping pilot plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 2395-2405.
    23. Siriwardane, Ranjani & Benincosa, William & Riley, Jarrett & Tian, Hanjing & Richards, George, 2016. "Investigation of reactions in a fluidized bed reactor during chemical looping combustion of coal/steam with copper oxide-iron oxide-alumina oxygen carrier," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1550-1564.
    24. Schnellmann, Matthias A. & Donat, Felix & Scott, Stuart A. & Williams, Gareth & Dennis, John S., 2018. "The effect of different particle residence time distributions on the chemical looping combustion process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 358-366.

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