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Critical factors influencing soil runoff and erosion in sprinkler irrigation: Water application rate and droplet kinetic energy

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  • Chen, Rui
  • Li, Hong
  • Wang, Jian
  • Song, Zhuoyang

Abstract

The water application rate (AR) and droplet kinetic energy are considered the most important indicators of soil erosion in sprinkler irrigation. However, little information is available relating sprinkler performance parameters to soil runoff, infiltration, and erosion. In this study, Nelson R33LP and R33 sprinklers were used in soil container experiments to investigate the effects of the AR and droplet kinetic energy on the runoff occurrence time, surface runoff rate, infiltration depth prior to runoff, infiltration rate, sediment yield, soil loss, and bulk density of the crust during sprinkler irrigation in silty clay loam. The kinetic energy per unit droplet volume (KEd), specific power (SP), and kinetic energy per unit area (KEa) were selected as indicators of the droplet kinetic energy applied by the sprinkler. The results indicate that the runoff occurrence time and the water cumulative infiltration depth prior to runoff were in a negative power function relationship with the AR, SP, and KEa. The final runoff rate and the bulk density of the surface crust increased linearly, while the final infiltration rate decreased linearly with the increasing AR and droplet kinetic energy. During the soil erosion processes, the runoff sediment concentration decreased while the soil loss rate increased and then decreased. Cumulative soil loss increased in the form of power function as the SP, AR, and KEa increased. In short, the AR and SP were critical indicators for predicting the runoff occurrence time, final runoff rate, and infiltration depth prior to runoff under sprinkler irrigation. The SP and KEa were key indicators that affected the final infiltration rate, soil erosion, and surface seal. When the AR increased from 24.16 to 145.30 mm h−1 and the SP increased from 0.09 to 0.55 W m−2, the final runoff rate and cumulative soil loss increased by approximately 850 % and 938 %, respectively, while the final infiltration rate decreased by 63 %. An AR of less than 20 mm h−1 and an SP of less than 0.1 W m−2 are recommended in sprinkler irrigation systems to minimize the risk of soil runoff and erosion for silty clay loam. It is necessary to reasonably select the sprinkler spacing, sprinkler type, nozzle diameter, and operating pressure to reduce soil erosion when designing sprinkler irrigation systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Rui & Li, Hong & Wang, Jian & Song, Zhuoyang, 2023. "Critical factors influencing soil runoff and erosion in sprinkler irrigation: Water application rate and droplet kinetic energy," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:283:y:2023:i:c:s0378377423001646
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108299
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luz, P.B. & Heermann, D., 2005. "A statistical approach to estimating runoff in center pivot irrigation with crust conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 72(1), pages 33-46, March.
    2. Hui, Xin & Zheng, Yudong & Yan, Haijun, 2021. "Water distributions of low-pressure sprinklers as affected by the maize canopy under a centre pivot irrigation system," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    3. Ge, Maosheng & Wu, Pute & Zhu, Delan & Zhang, Lin, 2018. "Analysis of kinetic energy distribution of big gun sprinkler applied to continuous moving hose-drawn traveler," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 118-132.
    4. Silva, Luis L., 2017. "Are basin and reservoir tillage effective techniques to reduce runoff under sprinkler irrigation in Mediterranean conditions?," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 50-56.
    5. Ge, Maosheng & Wu, Pute & Zhu, Delan & Zhang, Lin, 2020. "Comparisons of spray characteristics between vertical impact and turbine drive sprinklers—A case study of the 50PYC and HY50 big gun-type sprinklers," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    6. AL-Kayssi, A.W. & Mustafa, S.H., 2016. "Modeling gypsifereous soil infiltration rate under different sprinkler application rates and successive irrigation events," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 66-74.
    7. Silva, Luis Leopoldo, 2006. "The effect of spray head sprinklers with different deflector plates on irrigation uniformity, runoff and sediment yield in a Mediterranean soil," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 85(3), pages 243-252, October.
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    1. Zhang, Rui & Zheng, Changjuan & Zhu, Delan & Wu, Pute & Liu, Yichuan & Zhang, Xiaomin & Khudayberdi, Nazarov & Liu, Changxin, 2023. "Variation in sprinkler irrigation droplet impact angle on the physical crusting properties of soils," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).

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