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Determining optimal water and nitrogen management under different initial soil mineral nitrogen levels in northwest China based on a model approach

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  • Shi, Xinrui
  • Batchelor, William D.
  • Liang, Hao
  • Li, Sien
  • Li, Baoguo
  • Hu, Kelin

Abstract

Determining the best management practices (BMPs) under different initial soil mineral N (ISMN) levels is helpful to improve water and N use efficiencies (WUE, NUE) and protect the environment. In this study, a two-year field experiment of spring maize was conducted from 2014 to 2015 in northwest China. Five treatments were designed, including one local farmer practice (I480-4N280, 280 kg N ha−1 fertilizer and irrigated 480 mm with four irrigation events) and four conservation treatments (I420-4N200, I420-5N200, I420-6N200 and I420-7N200, standing for 200 kg N ha−1 fertilizer and irrigated 420 mm with four to seven irrigation events, respectively). Measured yield, leaf area index, soil water content and soil nitrate concentration were used to evaluate a soil-crop model (WHCNS, soil Water Heat Carbon Nitrogen Simulator), which was then used to simulate the effects of water and N management practices on water consumption, N fates, and crop growth. Then, the integrated index considering the agronomic, economic, and environmental impacts was simulated using 35,100 combinations of irrigation and fertilizer N scenarios, which were designed to develop BMPs under different ISMN levels (ranging from 0 to 625 kg N ha-1 in a 1.8 m-soil profile) and seasons of weather data (from 2001 to 2015). Results showed I420-5N200 was the best with a high yield, WUE and NUE, and low N loss among five treatments. The optimal irrigation amount (ranging from 350−600 mm) was related to precipitation amount. The optimal N rate decreased linearly with the increase of ISMN when ISMN was <384 kg ha−1, and reached a plateau (0 kg N ha−1) when ISMN was >384 kg ha−1. In this study, we developed a simple linear model to determine the best N application rates under different ISMNs. This method is important to help farmers achieve multiple goals of high yield, resource conservation and reduced environmental impacts simultaneously.

Suggested Citation

  • Shi, Xinrui & Batchelor, William D. & Liang, Hao & Li, Sien & Li, Baoguo & Hu, Kelin, 2020. "Determining optimal water and nitrogen management under different initial soil mineral nitrogen levels in northwest China based on a model approach," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:234:y:2020:i:c:s0378377419322772
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106110
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    2. Leghari, Shah Jahan & Hu, Kelin & Wei, Yichang & Wang, Tongchao & Bhutto, Tofique Ahmed & Buriro, Mahmooda, 2021. "Modelling water consumption, N fates and maize yield under different water-saving management practices in China and Pakistan," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
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    4. Tang, Jianzhao & Xiao, Dengpan & Wang, Jing & Fang, Quanxiao & Zhang, Jun & Bai, Huizi, 2021. "Optimizing water and nitrogen managements for potato production in the agro-pastoral ecotone in North China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).

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