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Exploring optimal nitrogen management strategies to mitigate nitrogen losses from paddy soil in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

Author

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  • Shi, Xinrui
  • Hu, Kelin
  • Batchelor, William D.
  • Liang, Hao
  • Wu, Yali
  • Wang, Qihui
  • Fu, Jin
  • Cui, Xiaoqing
  • Zhou, Feng

Abstract

Excessive fertilization in rice paddy fields leads to surface water eutrophication, groundwater contamination and air pollution. Determining optimum nitrogen (N) management is essential for maintaining rice yield while reducing the environmental risk caused by N loss. A two-year field experiment (2017–2018) was carried out in a typical paddy field in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The WHCNS (soil Water Heat Carbon Nitrogen Simulator) model was calibrated and evaluated for simulations of measured ponding water depth, evapotranspiration, aboveground dry matter, yield, runoff and crop N. The model was then used to evaluate the effects of different N fertilizer rates and split-N application ratios (SNR) practices on crop growth and N losses. Results showed that the model performed well in simulating rice growth and N losses in the region. Ammonia volatilization and denitrification were the mainly pathways of N loss in paddy field, and their two-year average losses were 34% and 38% of the total N loss, respectively. N leaching accounted for 23%, and runoff N loss accounted for 5% of total N loss. N losses were evaluated for two different scenarios and simulated ratios of ammonia volatilization, denitrification, N leaching, and runoff to total N loss under different N management scenarios were 15%–53%, 33%–55%, 6%–30%, and 4%–8%, respectively. Ammonia volatilization and N runoff exponentially increased with an increase of N fertilizer rate, whereas denitrification and N leaching showed an increasing and then a decreasing trend. Yield increased by 36 kg ha−1, and the total N loss decreased by 32.6 kg N ha−1 when the N fertilizer rate was reduced from 231 kg N ha−1 to 155 kg N ha−1 and the SNR was changed from 5:3:1 to 1:1:4. Therefore, reducing the N fertilizer rate and increasing the SNR in the late rice growing season can significantly reduce N loss and effectively improve N use efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Shi, Xinrui & Hu, Kelin & Batchelor, William D. & Liang, Hao & Wu, Yali & Wang, Qihui & Fu, Jin & Cui, Xiaoqing & Zhou, Feng, 2020. "Exploring optimal nitrogen management strategies to mitigate nitrogen losses from paddy soil in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:228:y:2020:i:c:s0378377419310388
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105877
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Wang, Yanzhi & Chen, Ji & Sun, Yidi & Jiao, Yanting & Yang, Yi & Yuan, Xiaoqi & Lærke, Poul Erik & Wu, Qi & Chi, Daocai, 2023. "Zeolite reduces N leaching and runoff loss while increasing rice yields under alternate wetting and drying irrigation regime," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    3. Shi, Xinrui & Batchelor, William D. & Liang, Hao & Li, Sien & Li, Baoguo & Hu, Kelin, 2020. "Determining optimal water and nitrogen management under different initial soil mineral nitrogen levels in northwest China based on a model approach," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    4. Jiao Lyu & Xinyi Wang & Shengnan Hou & Anwar Zeb & Hui Zhu & Yingying Xu, 2023. "Content Variation and Potential Runoff Loss Risk of Nutrients in Surface Water of Saline-Alkali Paddy in Response to the Application of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Types," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-16, April.
    5. Sisi Li & Yanhua Zhuang & Hongbin Liu & Zhen Wang & Fulin Zhang & Mingquan Lv & Limei Zhai & Xianpeng Fan & Shiwei Niu & Jingrui Chen & Changxu Xu & Na Wang & Shuhe Ruan & Wangzheng Shen & Menghan Mi , 2023. "Enhancing rice production sustainability and resilience via reactivating small water bodies for irrigation and drainage," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.

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