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Groundwater irrigation induced soil sodification and response options

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  • Minhas, P.S.
  • Qadir, Manzoor
  • Yadav, R.K.

Abstract

The continuous surge in irrigation, particularly using groundwater for sustaining food security in many developing countries, has necessitated the utilization of low-quality waters especially in water-scarce arid and semi-arid regions. Inappropriate irrigation with these waters results in land and environment degradation produced by associated salts, sodium and other toxic elements. Generally the soil’s sodification process is insidious and build-up of exchangeable-Na is initially gradual. It stabilises at levels governed by sodicity indices of irrigation water, soil type, cropping sequences and agro-climatic conditions. As the soils become sodic, crop productivity declines and ultimately soils can become unsuitable for cropping. As a result, cultivators are forced to opt for tolerant crops, which are typically of less economic value. To minimize harmful effects of sodicity, remedial measures have been developed at the crop, root zone, farm and district/basin levels. These include water quality driven conjunctive uses, chemical amelioration of soils and irrigation waters, mobilising native calcite through phyto-remediation, growing tolerant crops, and other specialised tillage, fertiliser use and irrigation practices. This review seeks to critically analyse the role of these measures and the crop, water and soil factors defining the sodification vis-à-vis infiltration problems. The conclusions provided here are expected to be helpful for a range of stakeholders to promote irrigation with sodic/alkali waters, thereby partly alleviating the forecasted scarcities in water for agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Minhas, P.S. & Qadir, Manzoor & Yadav, R.K., 2019. "Groundwater irrigation induced soil sodification and response options," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 74-85.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:215:y:2019:i:c:p:74-85
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.12.030
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    11. Minhas, P.S. & Dubey, S.K. & Sharma, D.R., 2007. "Comparative affects of blending, intera/inter-seasonal cyclic uses of alkali and good quality waters on soil properties and yields of paddy and wheat," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 83-90, January.
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    14. Qadir, M. & Ghafoor, A. & Murtaza, G., 2001. "Use of saline-sodic waters through phytoremediation of calcareous saline-sodic soils," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 50(3), pages 197-210, September.
    15. Choudhary, O.P. & Ghuman, B.S. & Josan, A.S. & Bajwa, M.S., 2006. "Effect of alternating irrigation with sodic and non-sodic waters on soil properties and sunflower yield," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 85(1-2), pages 151-156, September.
    16. Singh, R.B. & Chauhan, C.P.S. & Minhas, P.S., 2009. "Water production functions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) irrigated with saline and alkali waters using double-line source sprinkler system," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(5), pages 736-744, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Minhas, P.S. & Ramos, Tiago B. & Ben-Gal, Alon & Pereira, Luis S., 2020. "Coping with salinity in irrigated agriculture: Crop evapotranspiration and water management issues," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    2. Birhanu Iticha & Muhammad Kamran & Rui Yan & Dorota Siuta & Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi & Chalsissa Takele & Fayisa Olana & Bożena Kukfisz & Shehzad Iqbal & Mohamed S. Elshikh, 2022. "The Role of Digital Soil Information in Assisting Precision Soil Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-13, September.
    3. Vinod Phogat & Tim Pitt & Paul Petrie & Jirka Šimůnek & Michael Cutting, 2023. "Optimization of Irrigation of Wine Grapes with Brackish Water for Managing Soil Salinization," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-29, October.
    4. Wang, He & Zheng, Chunlian & Ning, Songrui & Cao, Caiyun & Li, Kejiang & Dang, Hongkai & Wu, Yuqing & Zhang, Junpeng, 2023. "Impacts of long-term saline water irrigation on soil properties and crop yields under maize-wheat crop rotation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    5. Aadhityaa Mohanavelu & Sujay Raghavendra Naganna & Nadhir Al-Ansari, 2021. "Irrigation Induced Salinity and Sodicity Hazards on Soil and Groundwater: An Overview of Its Causes, Impacts and Mitigation Strategies," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-17, October.
    6. Qadir, M. & Sposito, G. & Smith, C.J. & Oster, J.D., 2021. "Reassessing irrigation water quality guidelines for sodicity hazard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    7. Ghalia Saleem Aljeddani, 2022. "Reusing Sewage Effluent in Greening Urban Areas: A Case Study of: Southern Jeddah, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    8. Aein, Reza & Alizadeh, Hosein, 2021. "Integrated hydro-economic modeling for optimal design of development scheme of salinity affected irrigated agriculture in Helleh River Basin," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    9. Mohammed, Safwan & Arshad, Sana & Bashir, Bashar & Vad, Attila & Alsalman, Abdullah & Harsányi, Endre, 2024. "Machine learning driven forecasts of agricultural water quality from rainfall ionic characteristics in Central Europe," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    10. José Orlando Nunes da Silva & Luiz Guilherme Medeiros Pessoa & Emanuelle Maria da Silva & Leonardo Raimundo da Silva & Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos Freire & Eduardo Soares de Souza & Sérgio Luiz Fe, 2023. "Effects of Silicon Alone and Combined with Organic Matter and Trichoderma harzianum on Sorghum Yield, Ions Accumulation and Soil Properties under Saline Irrigation," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-23, November.
    11. Parvender Sheoran & Arvind Kumar & Raman Sharma & Kailash Prajapat & Ashwani Kumar & Arijit Barman & R. Raju & Satyendra Kumar & Yousuf Jaffer Dar & Ranjay K. Singh & Satish Kumar Sanwal & Rajender Ku, 2021. "Quantitative Dissection of Salt Tolerance for Sustainable Wheat Production in Sodic Agro-Ecosystems through Farmers’ Participatory Approach: An Indian Experience," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-16, March.
    12. Ines Toumi & Mohamed Ghrab & Olfa Zarrouk & Kamel Nagaz, 2024. "Impact of Deficit Irrigation Strategies Using Saline Water on Soil and Peach Tree Yield in an Arid Region of Tunisia," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-14, February.
    13. Mendieta-Mendoza, Aurora & Rentería-Villalobos, Marusia & Chávez-Flores, David & Santellano-Estrada, Eduardo & Pinedo-Álvarez, Carmelo & Ramos-Sánchez, Víctor Hugo, 2020. "Reconnesaince of chemically vulnerable areas of an aquifer under arid conditions with agricultural uses," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    14. Sheoran, Parvender & Basak, Nirmalendu & Kumar, Ashwani & Yadav, R.K. & Singh, Randhir & Sharma, Raman & Kumar, Satyendra & Singh, Ranjay K. & Sharma, P.C., 2021. "Ameliorants and salt tolerant varieties improve rice-wheat production in soils undergoing sodification with alkali water irrigation in Indo–Gangetic Plains of India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    15. Minhas, Paramjit Singh & Bali, Aradhana & Bhardwaj, Ajay Kumar & Singh, Awtar & Yadav, Rajender Kumar, 2021. "Structural stability and hydraulic characteristics of soils irrigated for two decades with waters having residual alkalinity and its neutralization with gypsum and sulfuric acid," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).

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