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Steps toward an improvement in process-based models of water use by fruit trees: A case study in olive

Author

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  • Diaz-Espejo, A.
  • Buckley, T.N.
  • Sperry, J.S.
  • Cuevas, M.V.
  • de Cires, A.
  • Elsayed-Farag, S.
  • Martin-Palomo, M.J.
  • Muriel, J.L.
  • Perez-Martin, A.
  • Rodriguez-Dominguez, C.M.
  • Rubio-Casal, A.E.
  • Torres-Ruiz, J.M.
  • Fernández, J.E.

Abstract

We applied two process-based models in a hedgerow olive orchard with the aim of understanding the limitations and mechanisms behind the control of transpiration in olive trees under drip irrigation. One model is based on the biophysics of water flow through the porous media of soil and xylem. The other is a hydromechanical model based on the observed dependence of stomatal aperture on whole-plant and epidermis water relations. The experiments were made in a hedgerow olive orchard (1667treesha−1) planted with 5-year-old ‘Arbequina’ trees. Measurements were made in control trees irrigated to replace 100% of the crop water needs, and in trees under regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategy, in which irrigation replaced ca. 30% of the control. Soil physical properties, root distribution, leaf area, sap flow, leaf osmotic pressure and key variables of leaf gas exchange and water status were measured and models were applied. Results show how in our orchard, with a shallow root distribution and very coarse soil, most of the limitation to transpiration was imposed by the hydraulics of the rhizosphere. The model shows how this limitation was related to the ratio of root to leaf area, and how this ratio can be managed by canopy pruning or by changing the number of drippers. Likewise, osmotic adjustment occurred similarly in both irrigation treatments, despite differences found on leaf water potential. Water stress largely affected plant hydraulic conductivity of RDI trees. A potential involvement of regulating signals, other than purely hydraulics, was evident in both treatments, although our data suggests that these signals were not regulated by the soil water status only.

Suggested Citation

  • Diaz-Espejo, A. & Buckley, T.N. & Sperry, J.S. & Cuevas, M.V. & de Cires, A. & Elsayed-Farag, S. & Martin-Palomo, M.J. & Muriel, J.L. & Perez-Martin, A. & Rodriguez-Dominguez, C.M. & Rubio-Casal, A.E., 2012. "Steps toward an improvement in process-based models of water use by fruit trees: A case study in olive," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 37-49.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:114:y:2012:i:c:p:37-49
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.06.027
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Palomo, M. J. & Moreno, F. & Fernandez, J. E. & Diaz-Espejo, A. & Giron, I. F., 2002. "Determining water consumption in olive orchards using the water balance approach," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 55(1), pages 15-35, May.
    2. Fernández, J.E. & Rodriguez-Dominguez, C.M. & Perez-Martin, A. & Zimmermann, U. & Rüger, S. & Martín-Palomo, M.J. & Torres-Ruiz, J.M. & Cuevas, M.V. & Sann, C. & Ehrenberger, W. & Diaz-Espejo, A., 2011. "Online-monitoring of tree water stress in a hedgerow olive orchard using the leaf patch clamp pressure probe," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 100(1), pages 25-35.
    3. Ortuño, M.F. & Conejero, W. & Moreno, F. & Moriana, A. & Intrigliolo, D.S. & Biel, C. & Mellisho, C.D. & Pérez-Pastor, A. & Domingo, R. & Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C. & Casadesus, J. & Bonany, J. & Torrecillas,, 2010. "Could trunk diameter sensors be used in woody crops for irrigation scheduling? A review of current knowledge and future perspectives," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(1), pages 1-11, January.
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    1. Fernández, J.E. & Alcon, F. & Diaz-Espejo, A. & Hernandez-Santana, V. & Cuevas, M.V., 2020. "Water use indicators and economic analysis for on-farm irrigation decision: A case study of a super high density olive tree orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    2. Padilla-Díaz, C.M. & Rodriguez-Dominguez, C.M. & Hernandez-Santana, V. & Perez-Martin, A. & Fernández, J.E., 2016. "Scheduling regulated deficit irrigation in a hedgerow olive orchard from leaf turgor pressure related measurements," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 164(P1), pages 28-37.
    3. Alcaras, L. Martín Agüero & Rousseaux, M. Cecilia & Searles, Peter S., 2016. "Responses of several soil and plant indicators to post-harvest regulated deficit irrigation in olive trees and their potential for irrigation scheduling," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 10-20.
    4. Morales-Sillero, A. & García, J.M. & Torres-Ruiz, J.M. & Montero, A. & Sánchez-Ortiz, A. & Fernández, J.E., 2013. "Is the productive performance of olive trees under localized irrigation affected by leaving some roots in drying soil?," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 79-92.
    5. Siakou, M. & Bruggeman, A. & Eliades, M. & Zoumides, C. & Djuma, H. & Kyriacou, M.C. & Emmanouilidou, M.G. & Spyros, A. & Manolopoulou, E. & Moriana, A., 2021. "Effects of deficit irrigation on ‘Koroneiki’ olive tree growth, physiology and olive oil quality at different harvest dates," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    6. Fernandes, Rafael Dreux Miranda & Cuevas, Maria Victoria & Diaz-Espejo, Antonio & Hernandez-Santana, Virginia, 2018. "Effects of water stress on fruit growth and water relations between fruits and leaves in a hedgerow olive orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 32-40.
    7. Egea, Gregorio & Diaz-Espejo, Antonio & Fernández, José E., 2016. "Soil moisture dynamics in a hedgerow olive orchard under well-watered and deficit irrigation regimes: Assessment, prediction and scenario analysis," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 164(P2), pages 197-211.
    8. Hernandez-Santana, V. & Fernández, J.E. & Cuevas, M.V. & Perez-Martin, A. & Diaz-Espejo, A., 2017. "Photosynthetic limitations by water deficit: Effect on fruit and olive oil yield, leaf area and trunk diameter and its potential use to control vegetative growth of super-high density olive orchards," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 9-18.
    9. Fernandes, R.D.M. & Egea, G. & Hernandez-Santana, V. & Diaz-Espejo, A. & Fernández, J.E. & Perez-Martin, A. & Cuevas, M.V., 2021. "Response of vegetative and fruit growth to the soil volume wetted by irrigation in a super-high-density olive orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    10. García-Tejero, I.F. & Hernández, A. & Padilla-Díaz, C.M. & Diaz-Espejo, A. & Fernández, J.E, 2017. "Assessing plant water status in a hedgerow olive orchard from thermography at plant level," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 50-60.

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