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Revisiting the Relationship between Coal Consumption and Economic Growth: Cointegration and Causality Analysis in Pakistan

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  • Muhammad SHAHBAZ
  • Smile DUBE

Abstract

The paper re-visits the relationship between coal consumption and economic growth by including other supporting variables such as capital use and labor participation rate in Pakistan over the 1972-2009 period. The paper adopts an augmented neoclassical production framework. In doing so, for the long run relationship between the variables, the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration is applied. The VECM Granger causality procedure is used to detect the direction of causality between coal consumption and economic growth while an innovative accounting approach is used to check the robustness of causality results. Empirical exercise confirms a long run relationship between the variables. The results suggest that coal consumption, capital use and the labor participation rate have positive impact on economic growth. Causality analysis indicates bidirectional causal relation between coal consumption and economic growth and results are robust through innovative accounting approach. This implies that energy (coal) conservation policies may retard economic growth that in turn lowers the demand of coal.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad SHAHBAZ & Smile DUBE, 2012. "Revisiting the Relationship between Coal Consumption and Economic Growth: Cointegration and Causality Analysis in Pakistan," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 12(1).
    • Handle: RePEc:eaa:aeinde:v:12:y:2012:i:1_13
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    6. Sahbi Farhani & Muhammad Shahbaz & Mohammad Mafizur Rahman, 2014. "Natural gas consumption and economic growth in France: Evidence for the role of exports, capital and labor," Working Papers 2014-226, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    7. Muhammad Yousaf Raza & Muhammad Tauqir Sultan Shah, 2020. "Analysis of coal-related energy consumption in Pakistan: an alternative energy resource to fuel economic development," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(7), pages 6149-6170, October.
    8. Satti, Saqlain Latif & Hassan, Muhammad Shahid & Mahmood, Haider & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2014. "Coal consumption: An alternate energy resource to fuel economic growth in Pakistan," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 282-287.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Coal Consumption; Economic Growth; Cointegration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q20 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - General
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes

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