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Revisiting the Relationship between Coal Consumption and Economic Growth: Cointegration and Causality Analysis in Pakistan

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  • Muhammad SHAHBAZ
  • Smile DUBE

Abstract

The paper re-visits the relationship between coal consumption and economic growth by including other supporting variables such as capital use and labor participation rate in Pakistan over the 1972-2009 period. The paper adopts an augmented neoclassical production framework. In doing so, for the long run relationship between the variables, the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration is applied. The VECM Granger causality procedure is used to detect the direction of causality between coal consumption and economic growth while an innovative accounting approach is used to check the robustness of causality results. Empirical exercise confirms a long run relationship between the variables. The results suggest that coal consumption, capital use and the labor participation rate have positive impact on economic growth. Causality analysis indicates bidirectional causal relation between coal consumption and economic growth and results are robust through innovative accounting approach. This implies that energy (coal) conservation policies may retard economic growth that in turn lowers the demand of coal.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad SHAHBAZ & Smile DUBE, 2012. "Revisiting the Relationship between Coal Consumption and Economic Growth: Cointegration and Causality Analysis in Pakistan," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 12(1).
    • Handle: RePEc:eaa:aeinde:v:12:y:2012:i:1_13
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    1. repec:ags:jaecon:37515 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Apergis, Nicholas & Payne, James E., 2009. "Energy consumption and economic growth in Central America: Evidence from a panel cointegration and error correction model," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 211-216.
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    Cited by:

    1. Adewuyi, Adeolu O. & Awodumi, Olabanji B., 2017. "Renewable and non-renewable energy-growth-emissions linkages: Review of emerging trends with policy implications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 275-291.
    2. Satti, Saqlain Latif & Hassan, Muhammad Shahid & Mahmood, Haider & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2014. "Coal consumption: An alternate energy resource to fuel economic growth in Pakistan," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 282-287.
    3. Longe Adedayo Emmanuel & Adekoya Taiwo Matthew & Soyemi Caleb Olugbenga & Agbanuji David Adeiza & Adekomi Idowu Jacob, 2021. "The Asymmetric Impact of Oil Price and Electricity Consumption on Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria," Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 9(1), pages 50-70, September.
    4. Rabab Mudakkar, Syeda & Zaman, Khalid & Shakir, Huma & Arif, Mariam & Naseem, Imran & Naz, Lubna, 2013. "Determinants of energy consumption function in SAARC countries: Balancing the odds," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 566-574.
    5. Emmanuel Anoruo, 2017. "Coal Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Test," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 64(3), pages 255-271, June.
    6. Muhammad Zeshan & Vaqar Ahmed, 2013. "Energy, environment and growth nexus in South Asia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 15(6), pages 1465-1475, December.
    7. Muhammad Yousaf Raza & Muhammad Tauqir Sultan Shah, 2020. "Analysis of coal-related energy consumption in Pakistan: an alternative energy resource to fuel economic development," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(7), pages 6149-6170, October.
    8. Nicholas M Odhiambo, 2016. "Coal consumption and economic growth in South Africa: An empirical investigation," Energy & Environment, , vol. 27(2), pages 215-226, March.
    9. Sahbi Farhani & Muhammad Shahbaz & Mohammad Mafizur Rahman, 2014. "Natural gas consumption and economic growth in France: Evidence for the role of exports, capital and labor," Working Papers 2014-226, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    10. Tang, Songlin & Raza, Muhammad Yousaf & Lin, Boqiang, 2024. "Analysis of coal-related energy consumption, economic growth and intensity effects in Pakistan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    11. Uktam Umurzakov & Bakhodir Mirzaev & Raufhon Salahodjaev & Arletta Isaeva & Shakhnoza Tosheva, 2020. "Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Post-Communist Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(6), pages 59-65.
    12. Khraief, Naceur & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Mallick, Hrushikesh & Loganathan, Nanthakumar, 2016. "Estimation of Electricity Demand Function for Algeria: Revisit of Time Series Analysis," MPRA Paper 74870, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 01 Nov 2016.
    13. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Farhani, Sahbi & Rahman, Mohammad Mafizur, 2013. "Natural Gas Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus: The Role of Exports, Capital and Labor in France," MPRA Paper 50619, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 12 Oct 2013.
    14. Sallahuddin Hassan & Ismail Aliyu Danmaraya & Muhammad Rabiu Danlami, 2018. "Energy Consumption and Manufacturing Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Income Group Matters?," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(1), pages 175-180.
    15. Bhattacharya, Mita & Rafiq, Shuddhasattwa & Bhattacharya, Sankar, 2015. "The role of technology on the dynamics of coal consumption–economic growth: New evidence from China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 686-695.
    16. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Lean, Hooi Hooi & Farooq, Abdul, 2013. "Natural gas consumption and economic growth in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 87-94.
    17. Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad & Furrukh Bashir & Muhammad Ali Zafar, 2021. "Gas- and Coal-based Power Generation to Spur Economic Growth in Pakistan?," iRASD Journal of Energy and Environment, International Research Association for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 2(1), pages 12-23, June.
    18. Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig & Hardi, Irsan & Hilal, Iin Shabrina & Utami, Resty Tamara & Noviandy, Teuku Rizky & Idroes, Rinaldi, 2024. "Economic growth and environmental impact: Assessing the role of geothermal energy in developing and developed countries," Innovation and Green Development, Elsevier, vol. 3(3).
    19. repec:ipg:wpaper:2014-583 is not listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • Q20 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - General
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes

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